i show on the screen a picture of the louisiana -- flooding in louisiana and in new jersey. my first question, can you underscore why hurricane ida consomme people off guard? >> congresswoman i will start with the fact that it intensified so rapidly. it went from just a tropical wave into a category for hurricane in a short amount of time. this is what we are starting to see more often. it is giving state officials less time to be able to put plans in place, where they normally had several days to put those plans in place. that timeframe is continuing to get shorter and shorter as these storms intensify more quickly. >> it feels like that window of opportunity is shrinking so quickly. in new york, though the area was bracing for the storm, the city was unable to predict the severity of flooding that would hit. emma does have a warning system that works with our local warnings. as the storms came through, emergency alerts blared through cell phones and warned residents of dangerous flash floods, that they should head for higher ground, one of those alerts said quote this is a

some people in louisiana unable to evacuate.t is the story that my constituents in south florida are all too familiar with. as the storms move from the southeast, through the atlantic for the northeast. i want to show on the screen a picture of the flooding in louisiana and the flooding in new jersey. so my first question is can you underscore why hurricane ida caught so many people off guard? >> congresswoman, i'll start with the fact that it intensified so rapidly. as you stated, it went from just a tropical wave into a category 4 hurricane in a very short amount of time. this is what we're starting to see more plans in place. . >> yeah. feels like that window of opportunity is shrinking so quickly. in new york, although the area was bracing for the storm. feem has an p toll send out warnings and other things related to own residents of the dangerous flash floomd this is an extremely dangerous and life-threatening situation. do you believe that and other systems worked as intended for ida. are there tests trmz. >> thfls the fi

from the louisiana coast to new jersey, and my home state of new york. this deadly hurricane resulted e in over 100 deaths, including 13 in new york city. in new york and new jersey, mor than a thousand miles from wheri this storm first made landfall catastrophic flooding trapped people and flooded basement apartments and stranded ra vehicles. in louisiana, hurricane ida took down the electric grid, knocking out all eight transmission lines that deliver power to new york through orleans and downey, more than 30,000 utility poles, nearly twice as many as hurricane katrina.an more than 1 million people were left without power.. some are still without power more than a month later. the unprecedented destruction unleashed by hurricane ida is part of a growing trend that the federal government cannot ignore.n from record breaking fires in the west, to devastating hurricanes in the south, to ou rising sea levels threatening 40% of americans near our coastlines. the destructive impact of climate change is rapidly escalating and the cost of ignoring this problem

showed louisiana, the same story in the daily advertiser in lafayette, louisiana. louisiana to receive over $7 billion from infrastructure bill. that's lafayette, up in shreveport, louisiana, the headline, state to get $7 billion so far from biden bill, infrastructure passage and major victory for louisiana. but then again, on the front page there's a wah wah for it. this is a transformational moment for people of louisiana carter said in a statement. in louisiana, we've learned the hard way what it means to have roads, bridgesing and flood control systems. in this package, louisiana will get millions for the federal government to update roads, update our roads, bridges, sue watch and water systems, update flood protections, so much more. the senator from louisiana who voted for it. all five louisiana house republicans all voted against the bill. garrett graves of baton rouge, lay higgins, mike johnson of benton, and julia letlow of start and steve scalise voted against the bill. yes, big head line, $7 billion for louisiana. here's how the republicans voted no. dow

louisiana is occupied by the u.s. army and new orleans is crowded with black free people who left the sugar and cotton plantations north of the city. about 350,000 african-americans in louisiana are emancipated. many thousand moved to new orleans, and constant the carpenter now competes with black craftsmen to make a living, and he does badly. lecorn, this is my great, great grandfather, and i will call him by his surname now, lecorn felt himself a victim. he saw the new world as anathema, and he descended into resentment. the government, the occupation government, was pro-negro and the coloreds actually held office, which seemed to him to be a genuine perversion. reconstruction, as we call it, was the name of the first attempt to remake the united states as a racially mixed democracy. to some, not least to 4 million exslaves, it meant power sharing with whites, perhaps wealth sharing, and somewhere in the distance, shared humanity. these fantastical ideas called radical reconstruction by their millions of white oppon

down to louisiana. the same story in two different louisiana papers today. the top of page one across all the columns. louisiana to receive over $7 billion from infrastructure bill. up in shreveport, state to get $7 billion so far from biden bill, infrastructure passage, a major victory for louisiana. then again, there on the front page, the republicans who voted against it. louisiana's lone democrat in the house, congressman troy carter of new orleans, was the only member of the state delegation to vote for the bill. this is a transformational moment for the people of louisiana carter said in a statement. in louisiana, we have learned the hard way what it means to have failing roads, bridges and flood control systems. louisiana will get billions from the federal government to repair and update roads, bridges, sue suesewage and water systems and so much more. that statement from troy carter, the democratic congressman from louisiana who voted for it. here is the next line. still on the front page. all five louisiana house republicans all voted against the bi

my mother's family in new orleans, louisiana. and like 99% of society, his family left very few paper records that chronicled their experiences. there was no archives. and i only had a few scraps of paper that he had written on. , this man, constant lecorgne. and i want to write his story. i decided to write it first as an awful. i was struck by what you might call the silence of the archive. and i had to write it as fiction. i wrote about 100 pages. not only were they not very good 100 pages. but at a certain point, i realized that this story has more grip as nonfiction, as history. because people crave the real. i decided i would have to try to write it as nonfiction, in order to do justice to the extraordinary things that i was beginning to uncover. in writing a piece of history. and this is a biography, if you like, the way it is sold. it sold as a biography. to do it was to spend hundreds of hours in public records of the state of louisiana into in an archive called the historic new orleans connection collection. in what i c

that is up in louisiana. front page at the times. here puts this headline on. it state to get seven billion dollars so far from biden bill, infrastructure passage, a major victory for louisiana. but then again, they are on the front page, there is a warmth warm for the people voted against it. for louisiana's little democrat in the, house congressman troy carter of the new orleans, was the only member to vote against the bill. this is a transform mission a moment for the people of louisiana, and the entire country. in louisiana we've learned the hard way what it means to fill the roads, bridges and -- in this package through louisiana will get billions of the federal government to repair and update the roads, bridges, sort, water systems, update our flow protection, harden our par, grid increase internet connectivity and so much more. that is celebratory state from troy carter, the democratic congressman from louisiana who voted for it. and then here is the next line in the article. still on the front page. all five louisiana house republicans, garrett graves o

louisiana is occupied by the u.s. army and new orleans is crowded with black freedom people who have left the sugar and cotton plantations north of the city. 350,000 african-americans in louisiana are emancipated. many thousands moved to new orleans and constant, the carpenter, now competes with black craftsman to make a living and does badly. lacorn, my great-great-grandfather felt himself the victim. he saw the new world is anathema and descended into resentment. the occupation government was pro-negro in the coloreds held office seemed to to be a genuine aversion. reconstruction as we call it was the name of the first attempt to remake the united states as a racially mixed democracy. to some, not least to 4 million back slaves it meant power sharing with whites, perhaps wealth sharing and somewhere in the distance, shared humanity. these fantastical ideas work on radical reconstructions by millions of white opponents met with massive obstruction and violent defiance. that is one of constant's houses. the ku klux kl

the louisiana parole project, however, is well aware of the difficulty.day that we visited, they brought in l.s.u. students who were volunteering just to teach them how to use their telephone. they were taught how to use their g.p.s.; they were taught how to answer a phone; they were taught how to use their voice message. >> brangham: and roby, as you're-- as you're describing, you met some of the men who have gotten out, but there are still, as your reporting indicates, a lot of men who are still in prison. what happens for them? do they have any chance of getting out? >> look, we expect at least eight of them, who are from new orleans, to be released before the end of the year. that leaves about 40 others. the road for them does not look as quick and easy, because the rest of the state is a little more conservative. some of the judges are equally conservative, and very hard on crime. as you know, louisiana, known as the incarceration capital of the world. still, the louisiana parole project says they're going to meet with those district attorneys, and p

- generation cajun, timmy couvillion grew up on the louisiana delta, where river mingles with sea.nt, he moonlighted as a fishing captain. >> couvillion: i've caught, you know, 150-pound tunas this close. >> wertheim: he showed us the precise site of a ground- breaking contraption that's consumed him lately. we're right above it now, aren't we? >> couvillion: yes, sir. the taylor energy platform would be laying on its side, just below us. >> wertheim: his engineering company has conceived of and installed a system to help contain a stubborn oil spill. it's directly below this spot, nearly 500 feet underwater. >> couvillion: if we didn't have g.p.s. coordinates, we wouldn't know that we had a functioning system that was actively collecting 1,000 gallons of oil a day. >> wertheim: catch that? an average of 1,000 gallons of oil a day, that would otherwise be contaminating the gulf of mexico. it's being captured by timmy couvillion's system and transferred to these tanks to be sold later as recycled oil. >> couvillon: 100,000 gallons is a major oil spill. this is seven major oil spills

freedom in louisiana for a man imprisoned as a juvenile for murder nearly six decades ago. his landmark case had given hope to thousands of juvenile offenders who were sentenced to life without the possibility of parole. today it was montgomery's turn before a parole board. today henry montgomery emerging a free man from behind prison gates for the first time in nearly 58 years. the 75-year-old granted parole today here at the louisiana state penitentiary, also known as angola montgomery was just 17 when he was convicted of murdering sheriffs deputy charles hurt in 1963 hurt was married, a father of three children montgomery was a juvenile yet, sentenced to life without parole i first met montgomery in 2019 while i was imbedded in angola for a dateline special. >> you were 17 years old when you were sentenced. do you remember what it was like being 17 >> yeah. young, wild and stupid >> until today, montgomery was one of about 2,000 so-called juvenile lifers in u.s. prisons, people who committed murders before they were adults and given sentences of life without parole in 20

here's a headline from the shreveport times of louisiana.o get $7 billion so far from the biden bill. infrastructure passage is, quote, a major victory for louisiana. and in the "miami herald," billions of dollars coming to florida when biden's infrastructure bill is law. and one more. the texas to get $35.5 billion over five years from the biden infrastructure bill. all-around good news for all americans, even the red states. it doesn't matter that all but 13 republican members of the house voted against infrastructure bill, their states and constituents will still reap the benefits and i bet those republicans will still show up to ribbon cutting and tout the investments made by a bill they didn't support. you won't hear them complaining about wokeness. woke is not a detriment to the nation. it's addressing the root cause of systemic inequities we have faced because moderates have failed to walk in the shoes of most americans. woke is the mandate for the majority of a multi-collateral american, who voted their hearts out in 2018, wringing i

in some areas of louisiana are a prime example. marsh. >> reporter: it's been nearly three months since hurricane ida, a category 4 storm, slammed louisiana. yet this small black community of ironton looks like the storm hit yesterday. >> they got people that lost everything, don't know where they're going to get their next meal from. >> what is that like, having to know that every hurricane season, you don't know if you're going to lose everything again? >> i've never been to war, but i can imagine what a young man that's been in the war and dealing with post-traumatic stress because this is a form of post-traumatic stress. >> reporter: steps away from destroyed homes, caskets with the dead inside sit under the warm louisiana sun. the state-run cemetery task force has not returned them to their resting place after floodwaters forced them from their grave sites. >> it's heartbreaking to see that no one's really trying to put them back. >> reporter: ironton is in b plakaman's perish. must of the area is below sea level and it has th

now i'd like to it turn it over to my good friend, julia letlow, from louisiana. ms. letlow: thank you. as a single mom of two, a former educator, and a concerned american, education is a topic that's near and dear to my heart. it is no secret that our nation faces tremendous challenges in education, and during the pandemic this last year, many of us joined our children in the virtual classroom and found ourselves concerned with the curriculum we witnessed. the other side's proposed solutions to nationalize the curriculum and push a one-size-fits-all approach to education has proven to fail time and time again and is clearly not the answer. as republicans, we believe that education is a true partnership between parents and the learning environment that works best for their children. we don't think the relationship between a family and educators needs to bed a very saerl. we want schools to work hand in hand with families, bringing new ideas and innovation to the table that will truly put our students first. the commonwealth of virginia spoke loudly and clearly last ni

. >> traveling to louisiana, you see this outsized impact on certain communities there.njustice. now, they're fighting for future generations. they got to tell that directly to the head of the epa, michael regan. >> reporter: it's been nearly three months since hurricane ida, a category 4 storm, slammed louisiana. yet, this small black community of iron tin looks like the storm hit yesterday. >> they got people that lost everything, don't know where their going to get their next meal from. >> reporter: what is that like, having to know that every hurricane season you don't know if you're going to lose everything? >> i've never been to war, but i can imagine what a young man that's been in the war and dealing with post-traumatic stress. this is a form of post-traumatic stress. >> reporter: steps away from destroyed homes, caskets with the dead inside sit under the warm louisiana sun. the state-run cemetery task force has not returned them to their resting place after floodwaters forced them from their gravesites. >> it is heartbreaking. to see that no one is really trying

i mean, i covered katrina after it happened, but the southeast and louisiana deals with the effects ofmate change at a disproportionate rate than someone, say, in the middle of the country. >> i grew up in louisiana and definitely saw the impacts of katrina. i was in high school when it occurred. and, although my house was not directly impacted, i have many family andriends who were affected. strangers, you know, fellow louisianans who have never returned back to louisiana because of the devastation. clate change is not a siloed issue. it's all-encompassing, and it only exacerbates every existing stressor and societal inequity that we have. and, right now, the gulf coast is just being pounded upon. and i think people are-- it's not that people haven't paid attention, but, right now, there's this urgency to we have to make changes, we have to make better evacuation routes, we have to acknowledge that some communities such as frontline communities have been impacted for years due to things called red-lining and blue-lining. when we start to do this, this is when we actually can move towa

and we're going to follow the law. >> reporter: we reached out to the state of louisiana about thosebbles that you saw in the piece there, but did not get a response. rene marsh, cnn, washington. >>> albert einstein's manuscript for the general theory of relativity is going up for auction in paris. christy's auction house says the 50-page dock supermarket is worth up to $3.4 million. the manuscript is one of two surviving documents recording how einstein arrived at one of the greatest scientific discoveries in history. >> translator: the einstein manuscript is a work document signed by einstein and his colleague and friend. it is a document that shows the birth of the general theory of relativity which is probably the most important discovery of albert einstein's career and one of the most important theories in the history of modern physics. >> now, ion steineinstein made errors in the manuscript, which is proof nobody is perfect. before we go, new findings on what makes for a good hug. researchers at the university of london examined hugging behavior somehow in the uk. we're not tha

[laughter] >> will leave you with louisiana words.duty, thank you very much. we'll be right back. eric: runners on their mark as the 50th new york city marathon gets ready to go tomorrow. the annual race is back after the covid pandemic canceled it last year. organizers taking precautions, they reduced the field of runners by about 40%, and the runners have to prove they're vaccinated or have a negative covid test. big day tomorrow. arthel, i've got to say, those -- the dads on duty, what a great, great group of men. arthel: excellent, outstanding. i'm so proud of them and what they're doing. we need more like that. and more of us in an hour. ♪♪ david: welcome to "the journal editorial report," i'm david asman in for paul dwi go. chaos on capitol hill last night as democrats bustled through a $1.2 trillion bipartisan infrastructure bill and what president joe biden called a monumental step. democrats also taking a procedural vote to advance the cornerstone of the president's tax and spend agenda, a multitrillion dollar climate and ent

sinopec is buying from louisiana after buying 400 million tons a year from its facility in louisiana as well. how did this deal come about? >> it is the end of a long effort by the team to really deliver great value to the customer which generally in the commodity market is a great price. it is a competitive landscape out there. for the 20-year contracts, it is what we focus on, delivering great risk-adjusted price. the customer being confident he will get it done on time. alix: 20 years, i'm surprised. do you think the energy crisis played a role? >> may be a little bit but not really. we have been focused on the 20-year contract part of the market. there is a segment of the market that wants those contracts. the rest of the market has moved away from us as we have been waiting on price. for the last five years or so, venture global has won 90% market share on 20-year contracts coming out of the u.s. alix: where are you looking at next? michael: we are confident that we are finishing up sales on black and men's on them sippy river. two other projects, delta on the mississippi, cp2,

we'll tighten up a few things. >> reporter: louisiana retiree andrew mclinden is surprising kaia withadaptive bike specially built for her ufrpg needs. in this case an extra wheel and straps to help keep her upright. >> look at that. look at that. >> reporter: it's the 430th he's donated after gifting the first one to a family friend 13 years ago. >> the neighborhood kids thought this bike was the coolest thing they'd ever seen. they loved it. and it's all about that inclusion thing. and that's when i knew this is it, this is what we need to do. >> reporter: initially self-funded and now with the help of donations, mclinden has created hundreds of moments like these. >> i've never seen that. i've never seen it. >> ooh! >> what is it? >> a bike! >> i like that i can ride that. >> reporter: for kaia it's a stride toward independence. >> what's it like for you when you see that moment, when the child sees his or her bike? >> it's everything. it's what life is about. >> reporter: later in the day bike number 431 is going to max. who has neurological issues including cerebral palsy. >> wha

it was a lot of newspaper coverage but you mentioned the grandfather closet in louisiana, daniels from his editor of the news observer was actually not a journalist, he's a politician, is on the executive committee of the democratic party held meetings in his newsroom. the white supremacists realized they had a problem, first of all with all taxes, there are a lot of poor whites who couldn't afford so they would be harmed by the taxes and the literacy test, almost 25% of the white electorate right in north carolina at the time were illiterate so they had to get around that problem. what they did was probably to a certain extent of louisiana's grandfather closet, in north carolina that if your ancestor voted before 1868 and you are eligible to vote in 1868 was figure black men got the vote. of course no black men would have an ancestor who voted because black men didn't felt so completely disqualified all black voters except maybe those who their grandfather was white to some extent but that was a minority so basically eliminated black men from voting but poor white and illiterate white

both sides join together and petition the louisiana board of pardons to clear plessis's record.ed unanimously to do the right thing. the pardon now goes to the governor for approval. and finally, justice that has been a long time coming. that does it for us tonight, rachel will be back on monday. >> tonight on all in. >> all hell is gonna break loose tomorrow, all i can say is strap in. stephen k. bannon indicted by federal grand jury. >> there is no doubt that mr. bannon knows far more. >> tonight what we know about bannon's surrender, what we know about the charges he faces and what this means for the investigation. the other witnesses attempting to stonewall the committee. >> you cannot blow off a subpoena in america. >> then, the jaw-dropping you evidence of donald trump's complete disregard for the life of his own vice president. >> you heard those chants, that was terrib

back to their site or try to build on louisiana and destabilized the nation.there were a lot of adventuresome plots around that at that time. ultimately, even jefferson realize that -- was a bad deal. then he retired to jamaica, long island. >> and married of the governor's daughter. >> correct. >> i mean, there is one topic that we totally barely touched on a few different times tonight. and we do have an audience question coming in to help us explore that. josh washington's last will and testament, they're different kinds. to particularly with respect to -- that we have an ex willard quite enough. john, first? thoughts >> i explicitly say in my book that his last will and testament should beacon centered a quarter to the farewell address. by all means, if he hasn't he should. ,,, -- the farewell addresses silent on the issue of slavery. now, washington it is in his last will and testament -- which could be considered the ultimate farewell address -- takes the decided and an usual among the founding fathers steps of freeing his slaves. albeit upon martha's de

when you compare california with 39.5 million people and louisiana with 4.6 million, the bayou state is testing more population. after a surge in infections because of the delta variant, more states like louisiana have natural immunity. that may explain why infection rates in those states are dropping, while in california they are flat or slightly up. >> unsafe, natural immunity through infection or a safe vaccination-based way of gaining immunity. >> when it comes to indoor masking rules, now that children 5 to 11 are eligible to get shots, it's going to be starting an eight-week countdown for public health officials in some counties to consider another data point for them to be able to lift some of the masking rules. reporting live in san francisco, i'm sergio quintana. >>> a lot of changes will be coming our way. other south bay doctor offices and vaccination sites were hot spots today. child-sized doses went into arms throughout the day. we go to the county vaccine site at emanuel baptist church in san jose. how busy was it? >> it's been a very organized effort here, with familie

was the extent of the communication between the white supremacist in north carolina and also in louisiana for example. the ideas that they came these grandfather clauses in other ways to prevent african-american voting and can you say a little bit about the grandfather clause and some of the other laws that they were swapping ideas about. >> and largely newspaper coverage and you mentioned the grandfather clause and then use them in louisiana and the editor was not a journalist, he was a politician the newspaper and he actually was on the executive committee of the democratic party and help them in the meetings. in the white supremacist realized they had a problem first full with the taxes and there were a lot of poor whites who cannot afford the poll taxes so they would be harmed and then the literacy test, almost 25 percent of the white electors were in north carolina at the time they were illiterate so they had to get around that problem and what they did was copy to certain extent of louisiana centers in north carolina that if you ancestor but it 1868, and you are eligible to vote in

some, like you said, are in places known for pollution, like south louisiana, and others we were firstof cancer. we found that over a quarter of a million americans are estimated to be exposed to levels of cancer risk from toxic air pollution that the epa considers unacceptable, and that 74 million americans or roughly a fifth of the population are estimated to be exposed at levels that the agency has said it strives to protect the largest amount of people from. >> now, two days after you published this analysis of industrial air pollution, the environmental protection agency announced that its administrator, michael reagan, would visit the communities featured in the report, and indeed, during last week's journey to justice, reagan toured the houston ship channel, the louisiana community of mossville, and that stretch of land along the mississippi river, places you identified as being among the highest pollution in the country. because one of the key takeaways from your report is that these hot spots are especially bad in minority communities, hot spots were most residents are people

my name is ariana, and i work for a member of congress in louisiana. so i can relate to your world, broadband communities. can you kind of just go into the message that you all used to mitigate those issues and give more communities access? >> sure. and, you're right, we share a lot of commonality in terms of rural areas and john bel edwards, governor of louisiana, has really been helpful and a good partner in so many different issues including this. in fact, he's hosted a cybersecurity conference down there a couple years ago that i attended. what we've done, of course, during the pandemic, we realized, you know, virtual education. and we had regular classes in 2020. but it was that first window when the pandemic came that the schools did go home, so they went virtual for the tail end of that first year. and that's whenever it was just disastrous in terms of our rural families did not have access, they couldn't learn virtually. they'd go to the parking lot of a local store and sit there because they can get, you know, internet access. so we developed

that whole threat in louisiana you all the factories is called cancer alley. cancer alley, like that's a place where people live. and so it's really about connecting the dots. it's about thinking about the choices we are making and trying to understand a little bit about the weight of impact when we make those choices. >> the title of your book, tatiana. it's the title of your book. >> no, and especially summerlike cancer alley where a lot of these places where big oil and these major industrial sites are located are also uniquely affected by the effects of climate change fight cancer alley is in louisiana which is right in the path of hurricanes. if those facilities are damaged and are explosions all kinds of things the communities down there are also disproportionally impacted. laurie in a book is a really great job of focusing on the injustices that comes from industry but also the effects of climate change which the communities that are around the world but also here in the united states that are least responsible for climate change by the first and worst

pfluger: thank you to my colleague from louisiana. madam speaker, i rise today to address a very important issue in our country, crisis after crisis after crisis that we see. including last week where the president gathered with world leaders to discuss a fairy tale climate agenda that will dismantle america's energy security which is part of our national security f we continue down this path, all americans should worry about one thing, where is our energy going to come from? we are told we must dismantle the american oil and gas production to save the planet. in 2019 u.s. harmful emissions were 13% less than they were in 2005. 13% less. no other country has cut their footprint more in that short amount of time. what's responsible for this? it's not electric vehicles. it's not unreliable energy sources. it's the american shale revolution. clean burning natural gas is critical in allowing us to achieve affordable, reliable energy supply without the harmful emissions and increases like we see from major polluters like russia and china.

. >>> a college in louisiana is making history this morning, a doctor has become the first black professoro be granted tenure in the school's 196-year history. shse an award winner of french and francophoneia studies. the college, which according to u.s. news, was among the last in louisiana to integrate, a plan to convocation today. >>> a terrifying abduction >>> plus, lltrwa seet stocks climbed to record highs. "early today" is back in three dripping from the ceiling. you never know when something like this will happen. so let the geico insurance agency help you with homeowners insurance and protect yourself from things like fire, theft, or in this case, water damage. now if i had to guess i'd say somewhere upstairs there's a broken pipe. geico. save even more when you bundle home and car insurance at geico.com. nyquil severe gives you powerful relief for your worst cold and flu symptoms, on sunday night and every night. nyquil severe. the nighttime, sniffling, sneezing, coughing, aching, stuffy head, best sleep with a cold, medicine. ♪yeah, yeah, yeah♪ real fruit... and whole grains. do

and i don't think anybody could easily foresee the louisiana purchase. but this sense of manifestation before 1840, but it becomes a term and canada well, remember the time we are talking 7096, we thought we would get canada and then the war of 1812 were supposed to win canada and of course it did not work out that way but the continental vision and people sand like ehrenberg crazing on the record of it i think the consumption was that florida and most of the west would eventually coming our way rated. >> what i think demography doing it rather than rule printed. >> so i think that has he said earlier, washington was of the lesson he understood in 1795, the treaty was saying that the americans accessing the mississippi river was a hundred which is a critical element and he has the ability to send the goods of the mountain ranges in philadelphia and desperately needed access to the water before they were trains and cars that kind of thing however, washington was realistic about the fact that things and friends were kind of running off of each other and re

back to their side or try to go to louisiana and destabilize the nation. there were a lot of adventuresome plots around that at the time and ultimately even jefferson realized it was a bad deal and then he got wind of the fact he was about to get his head cut off and retired to jamaica, long island. >> and married the governor's daughter. >> correct. >> we have -- there is one topic we haven't explored closely enough. we have an audience question coming in to help us explore that. my george washington last will and testament, a different kind, or something of an addendum to his farewell address particularly with respect to and this is what i was suggesting we haven't explored quite enough the issue of slavery. first thoughts? >> just i exclusively say in my book that his last will and testament should be considered a coda to the farewell address. by all means if he hasn't he should. but look. to washington's discredit certainly by contemporary perspectives the farewell address is silent on the issue of slavery. now washington in his last will and testament

you mentioned the grandfather clause that had been used in louisiana. daniels, the editor of the news and observer was actually not a journalist. he was a politician that owned the newspaper. he actually was on the executive committee and held democratic party meetings in his news room. and the white supremacists realized they had a problem, first of all, with taxes. there were a lot of poor whites that couldn't afford the poll taxes. and then the literacy tests. so they had to get around that problem. and what they did was copy to a certain extent louisiana's grandfather clause. in north carolina it said that if your ancestor voted before 1868, then you were eligible to vote. and 1868 was a pivotal year because that's the year black men got the vote. of course no black men would have an ancestor who voted then because black men didn't vote. so it disqualified all those except those grandfather was white, but that was a minority. to basically eliminated black men from voting but gave an out to poor whites and ill literal whites. it was an effective piec