i would pass a town called ludlow. i would ask miss phillips if she knows anything about the ludlow massacre and i'm not sure when it happened. i'm sure debs was alive at the time. i would just hang up now and please ponder what i said. you moguls of america who -- we need jobs and we need them now. please, could you tell us a little bit about the ludlow massacre in colorado? thank you. >> the ludlow massacre and several other massacres or riots of that time period were often blamed on the striking workers or the protesting workers at the time, whether they be miners or whether they be protesting for their rights. what happened in ludlow, which happened in haymarket and happened in other riotous incidents where there would be federal troops or authorities brought in to quell the protesting workers and many of them would be killed. i can't remember how many people died in the ludlow massacre, but haymarket and other riots in homestead strike, several people would be killed. then the unions or the striking workers would

a little comment about ludlow, colorado. i was a very good friend of a woman who is my mother's age. she talked about her parents being partf what happened in ludlow. she told me bee w i going a road tp with my son look for a sign trinidad wi is "this is t place." that is the place where my friend terry's mother and father ran down a dry river bed and shots fired all around them running for their lives. the second thing i would like to say is a little something about upton sinclair. i lived in san pedro, california for several the land of dock workers. upton sinclair was arrested in san pedro for reading the constitution to the dock workers. thategan the southern aclu. the thd comment is i have moved back to oklahoma. i have been gone for about 50 years. i lived here as a teenager. but i went a labor rally in support of the wisconsin publ oyees andas on the state capitol steps. a friend of mine stood to me with a little sign in latin. state motto. it was from a desire. it is conquers now we are thereddest state in the union

ludlow and all the little labor violence up there and the governor would refuse to send out the nationaluard and finally president wilson had to call out the troops and all of this. and helen ring robinson was very involved in that because she was involved with children's rights, you know, equal pay with minimum wage, with all these good progressive issues. and she even got molly brown to donate $1,000, which in those days was a whole lot of money to help the ludlow families that had been affected by this terrible event that went on. and after her four years in the senate, she said enough. it's gotten too crazy up there. i said to people when i was reading senator pascoe's book that we ought to send that book around to a lot of people who are currently in office because it was really pretty rugged back then, too. and it gives you a little context. she did live through it. well, then in 1916, montana sent wonderful jeanette rankin. and she immediately went there and voted against the war. she got defeated and went back again, you know, right before world war ii, went back and voted. she w