missions in east timor, nepal and in lybia. and we'll talk about central african republican in a moment, but let's talk about the whole of the peace keeping system because there's a record number of peace keepers right now over a 120,000, is the system cooping or is it creaking? ian: it's suddenly facing unprecedented challenges and that's true not only in the sense that there are multiple crisis, which is reflected in those numbers. but is also true in terms of the complexity and the difficulty of the situations into which peace operations are now deploying. peace keeping started off classically in maintaining cease fires, maintaining a line of control between formerly waring parties. it went on to support the implementation of peace agreements, when they'd be negotiated usually between two parties, one government, one rebel uh, faction. but now the context in which peace operations are operating are much more messy than that. and they also pose increasing security challenges to united nations personnel as well as to the civil

they were calling for the united states to get rid of khadafi in lybia. tookdent francois hollande the lead in mali. his popularity has gone up, but they have a very big muslim problem within their country. a lot of people are just in franchise, easy to radicalize -- disenfranchised, unemployed, easy to radicalize. his poll ratings will go up, but you are not going to see-- after 9/11, america can together. europe is not coming together. europe has never been so divided since the walking down. the political crisis is becoming increasingly intense. we will need european solidarity. we will not get it out of your. tox: when it comes what aredown borders, the medium to long-term ramifications of such a move? ian: we are seeing borders being shut. were announcing they were going to shut the borders for a month. now, of course, they're responding immediately. they have 1500 troupes on the ground in paris right now. the principle of free movement in europe is critical to the american free market. attacks, the common sense of value and purpose that has united th