this was lyndon johnson's world. i say in my book, we are living in lyndon johnson's world today with all of the laws but this certainly was, and look what it has done in terms of the congress and the senators and the federal government and the thousands of state and local people who are black, who are elected all over this country. host: mr. germany, in the speech he uses terms like it will be a different battlefield. he knew that even with the passage of this law, there was a lot of work to do. mr. germany: there was a lot of work to do. you go back and listen to that conversation between king and johnson. he said the new south was going to pick built from progressive white democrats and african-american voters never comes the backbone of the democratic party. i think that was lyndon johnson's vision from 1960 four to remake the democratic party. if you look at the -- from 1964, to remake the democratic party. if you look of the population, there were several counties that had no black voters registered and had not

lyndon johnson died in 1973.the things that get set in motion in 1964 1963 to 1969, they will be sustained because their people after him. they are going to be voting to sustain what he put in place. much of the great society gets whittled down but the core of it is essentially still in tact and impacts everybody on a daily basis. host: you heard from to guess. kent germany is the editor of the linking be johnson project at the university of virginia. joining us for this discussion isj oe joe califano who worked with the present. both of you gentlemen, thank you very much. now a lokok back to august 6 1965. we go to the u.s. capitol to hear president johnson speak in the rotunda. we will see him sign the voting rights act in 1965.

this was lyndon johnson's world. i said in my book, we're living in lyndon johnson's world today with all the laws. but this certainly was. look what it has done before as far as the congressman, senators who are black in the federal government. and the thousands of state and local people who are black, who were elected all over this country. >> mr. germany, in the speech he uses terms like it will be a different battle field. many actions, many difficulties. he even knew at the time even with the passage of the law there was still work to do. >> there was a lot of work to do. one thing mr. cal fan know mentioned, if you go back and listen to that conversation between king and johnson, king said the new south will be built from progressive democrats, white democrats, and african-american voters. that becomes the backbone of the democratic party. and i think that was lyndon johnson's vision from 1964 forward, to remake the democratic party. if you look at the south in the early 1960s, there were almost 100 counties th

and the author of "the triumph and tragedy of lyndon johnson. thank you for joining us. >> nice to be with you. >> before we go into the conversation and the phone calls, a little bit about your perspectives coming from mr. germany to you first. the lbj project, what is that? >> the lbj project is a gold mine project in essence. it is a group of scholars at the university of virginia, public affairs. that is trying to get all of the recordings tribed, annotated. everything you would need to know what's going on in the information. editors there try to present it. we are trying to put everything out from the assassination all the way through the end of 1969. it is the history with the bark off. there was a lot of bark on when it comes to lyndon johnson. >> what do the telephone calls reveal was going on other than the history was concerned. >> first, lyndon johnson was extraordinarily busy. voting rights is one of many things going on in 1965. he's not going to yield on it. and you also get to see -- people call him a magician. they call him a lo

modern medicine itself host: president lyndon b. johnson signing into law medicare, here to discuss our two former administers of the program. gail lewinsky, is medicare working like explained there by president johnson? guest: in general yes. medicare was designed to meet a very particular meeting for the older population of america to make sure they would have access to insurance coverage or hospitals and physicians. a challenge to most seniors even those that were not low income had a great deal of trouble getting insurance. it changed a lot, the coverage has broadened, we have 55 million people on medicare now. almost 10 million of whom are disabled. and under 65. preventative services, many are covered. outpatient prescription drug coverage has been expanded. in 2003, through legislation. the financing has changed significantly, but the need that medicare was designed to respond to, making sure that seniors would have access to care has indeed been that. guest: i agree with her and i add a few more items. one is that health car

be lyndon. >> without a question, charlie oh, my god! i mean, to stand behind that teleprompter and to give-- i mean, he gave some wonderful speeches but they never allowed him to talk the way he could talk. he had the best language. i mean it might have been a little bad at times -- >> it was the command of both ideas and emotion. >> right. even when he was writing a memoir i used to actually on the chapters i worked on write down everything he actually said, and it was hysterical. and he would say "that doesn't sound presidential. i can't say that." if he had been himself i mean, he still would have been a controversial figure but he would have been an unforgettable figure the way those of us who know him know he's the most interesting person we ever met. >> rose: i thank you for coming. you owe me. >> that was your best line. you almost got me. i owe it to history to tell you. >> rose: thank you my dear. >> oh, this was great. i'm so glad. >> rose: we leave you this evening with an audio from lyndon johnson's conversation with dr. mar

but lyndon johnson managed to get it done. we want to start by showing you a few pictures what it was like that day this legislation was signed. >> harry s. truman library, independence, missouri, is the scene of an historic event. president is mrs. johnson and vice president humphrey arrive for ceremonies that will make the medicare bill part of social security coverage. mr. johnson chose to sign here as a tribute to former president truman. the former president campaigned for medicare 20 years ago but it took two decades for his proposal to become law. the new bill expands the 30-year-old social security program to provide hospital care, nursing home care, home nursing service, and outpatient treatment for those over 65. medicare would become law july 1st, 1966. and for mr. truman, an historic souvenir from the president. for mr. truman, the passage of medicare is a dream come true. >> there you are. what a remarkable day. and linda, i want to start with you. why was this such a priority with your father? >> well, daddy grew

so he told me knew lyndon johnson but didn't know nixon.rst became president so nixon asked him to go to general son ranch to talk about a prave at matter. he is grumpy and said how can i remember what happened 20, 30 years ago. i had this tape machine, pressed the button. those chapters are great. you go back and tell your friend richard nixon as he starts his presidency, nothing more important than a taping. >> jon: it was johnson's fault. >> it was johnson. >> jon: incredible. (applause) >> jon: doris kearns goodwin, i love you. thank you so much for being with us. even the people that did the letters and diaries knew they were writing for history, so i imagine that was pointed it seemed like jefferson and adams always knew they were writing for each other but for history, i'm a great man who doesn't like slavery. so you never know with that stuff. >> you never know. but at least its a he handwritten and you save it at the end of the day and they are writing their stuff. >> jon: and they know to say the bum hole what about -- >> very nic

even though lyndon johnson dies in 1973, the things that are set in motion from '63 to '69 they are going to be sustained because there with people after him that are going to be voting to sustain what he put in place. the core of it is essentially still intact and impacts everybody today sfl you heard from two guests, kent germany, the editor of the lyndon b. johnson center at the university of virginia. also joining us is joe califano who worked with the president an also the author of the book "the triumph and tragedy of lyndon b. johnson." thank you very much. >>> now a look back to august 6, 1965. we go to the u.s. capital to hear president johnson speak at the rotunda and then we'll see him sign the act. >>> some live events to tell you about about the c-span networks. 8:00 a.m. eastern a discussion of the evolution of cloud, mobile and big data terminology and how it can be used by federal agencies to buy better service and increws productivity. that's being hosted by the online social network gov loop. later in the day, keith hall talks about the u.s. budget and economic outlook i

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even though lyndon johnson died in 1973, the things they get set in motion will be sustained because they are after him, voting for people to sustain what he put in the place. the core is essentially still in tact and impacts everybody on a daily basis. >> can't germany is the editor of the lyndon johnson project at the university of virginia. joe califano worked with the president and author of the triumph and tragedy of lyndon johnson. thank you very much. a look back 50 years to august 6, 1965, president johnson speaks in the rotunda. >> ladies and gentlemen, the members of the president's cap net -- cap netcabinet. [applause] pres johnson: i have the great privilege and high and personal honor of presenting to you the president of the united states. [applause] pres. johnson: mr. vice president, mr. speaker, mr. president, members of the congress, today is as huge as any victory that has ever been one on any battlefield. to seize the meaning of this day we must recall darker times. three and a half centuries ago the first negroes arrived at jamestown. they did not arrive at in bra

be lyndon.oris: he stood behind the teleprompter and he could never just be him. he had command of language. even when he was writing a memoir, i would write down everything he said and it was hysterical. he would say no, that doesn't sound presidential. i can't say that. he still would have been a controversial figure, but he would have been an unforgettable figure. he is the most interesting person we have ever met. charlie: on that, i thank you. a pleasure to have you here. [laughter] doris: that was your best line. [laughter] you almost got me. i/o it to history to tell you. charlie: thank you. doris: this is great. charlie: we leave you with conversation with dr. martin luther king jr. they're talking about passing the voting rights act. president johnson: if you find the worst environment in louisiana or south carolina, the one i think was the head of the school it pesky -- at tuskegee. being denied the right to cast a vote. you take that one illustration and get it on television, get it i

some of these people are bob dylan, president lyndon johnson, barbra streisand. we have science.have the apollo 11 crew. being the first humans on the face of the moon. we highlight marshall nuremberg, who not only cracked the genetic code back in the 1960's, but also won the nobel prize for his work. charles schultz, one of my favorite parts of the exhibit. we were lucky enough to get two of his original sunday comics. and a pair of skates that illustrates it was a lifelong amateur hockey fan. that is something we try to do in the exhibit, to find one object or one document that speaks to the accomplishments of each person. the importance of an exhibit like 60 from the 60's is to show how americans 50 years ago completed work that is still relevant in the 21st century. for example, in the early 60's, at&t launched the first communications satellite, which was the precursor to the electronic age we are experiencing now. satellite communications, cell phone reception, worldwide television reception. internet service. one of the people we are highlighting is the inventor of the wor

. >> rose: next thursday will mark the 50th anniversary of president lyndon johnson's signing of theg rights act. doris kearns goodwin knew johnson well. her biography of the president, "lyndon johnson and the american dream," has been just reissued as an ebook. we talked this week about the passage of the law and about the president she knew. >> their cause must be our cause, too. because it's not just negroes, but really it's all of us who must overcome the crippling legacy of bigotry and injustice. >> how i wish he had been alive now because i think what america is finally realizing, you listen to the speech, you know what produced the voting rights act, medicare 50th anniversary, app latch cha, he created the foundation of our social and economic life today and people are realizing it and he's not alive to hear it? what kind of america did he want to make? >> i think from the time he was young, you know, he taught at this mexican school in cotula, texas, and speaks about it in the voting rights statement, and he saw kids, he said, who can feel in their faces the prejudice they we

george bush remembered that in vietnam the military would comment see lyndon johnson, lyndon lyndon johnson felt they were asking for too much he would ask first up it was always less. whether whether it was in fact are just psychological, i believe george bush felt that it created an excuse for failure and when he looked: pollen the eye and said general, you can, you can have all of that and if you need any more you come tell me. he was saying, you have no excuse to fail, you must do this right, and were not going to micromanage the ball is in your court, go deliver. to me that was a milestone change in policies for the united states, it reestablish the principle that if we are going to conflict the best thing to do is go into conflict with more than you think you need then less than you think you need. the third anecdote has to do with a relatively minor, and i use that word not trying to denigrate the issue but there are issues like war, mps, and, and budget that dominate the issue of child care. the process of negotiating a budget bush had learned the previous years, talking to governor

lyndon johnson takes office as the accidental byproduct of an assassination. he had much more of a role in passing the 1957 civil rights act then people previously understood. but, yes, that is correct. he had never run for office as a civil rights advocate the way hisoln had made antislavery -- his identity as a politician from 1854 on. yes. you have a question? yes. >> first, i want to thank you for that outstanding presentation. and i what to know about the relationship with frederick douglass and lincoln, how they used each other and what that -- how that evolved. dr. oakes: it takes a book to answer. >> [laughter] > , what i argueefly in the book is frederick douglas , when he escapes from slavery, he goes to new england, enters the anti-slavery movement through the garrisonian portal -- i call it. he goes to place where garrison is particularly strong. garrison's position has become extremely critical of the constitution as a hopelessly proslavery document, he has therefore argued that people should not vote. he enters the abolition movement with a kind

. >> how, mark, did lyndon johnson amass this -- this encyclopedic knowledge of the congress? how it worked? he knew how the senate worked. he knew each and every member. he knew what they needed. he knew what they didn't want anybody to know. the part that i find just wonder russ is how in a day could he do what he did and how did he come to know so much about each and every member? >> you nailed it. he had this encyclopedic knowledge of not only the legislative process, but of the people around it. hue better humphrey described lbj as a psychiatrist. he could read you. he knew it moerveated you. he knew what might motivate bob was different from what motivate linda or larry. he got that. and he used it. he exploited it. there's an expression, that people are motivated by either love or fear. and you need to know the right combination in order to get them to act. lbj got that and he used to apply something that was legendarily known in washington as the johns ontreatment or just the treatment. there was no doubt who was applying it. johnson was the master of that and he used

lyndon johnson takes office as the byproduct of an assassination. had much more of a role in passing the 1957 civil rights act than people previously understood, based on certain volumes on this topic. what that is correct, he had never run for office as a civil rights advocate the way lincoln had made antislavery his identity as a politician from 1854 on. you had a question? i want to thank you for the outstanding presentation. it was excellent. i want to know about the relationship with regular -- with frederick douglass and how, how bad it evolved. -- how that evolved. dr. oakes: there is a book. >> i will buy it. dr. oakes: my best book. what i argue in the book is, frederick douglass, when he escapes from slavery, he enters the antislavery movement through the garrison only in portal. he goes to a part of the united states were garrison is strong. by the time he is there, 's position has become extremely critical of the constitution as a hopelessly ro slavery document. he is therefore argued people .hould not vote he enters the abolitionist mov

(applause) let me just remind us of why we have the voting rights act. 50 years ago, lyndon johnson -o, i've got to say, is definitely one of my top five lyndons -- passed the v.r.a., which prohibited any and all discriminatory voting policies. so no more literacy tests, no more poll tax. so what's changed? well, in this case, they're not so much trying to revise history as they are trying to revive history. >> the new rules reduced early voting from 17 days to 10, eliminated same-day registration, ended a program to pre-register high school students, and banned out-of-precinct voting. >> larry: they're making voting harder than bill cosby at a sleep clinic. (audience reacts) all right? that's right, (bleep)! i haven't foregotten about you! i have not forgotten about you! (applause) >> larry: three more women came out against you yesterday, you sick bastard. yep -- i've got a google alert set for this (bleep). in fact, the only reason i did this whole piece -- the only reason i talked about jeb and hillary and the voting rights act, the only reason why i woke up this morning, showered

i remember lyndon b. johnson did the war on poverty with training.raining is one thing, but then having jobs. my question, with the kellogg foundation, would you be interested -- when we talk about jobs, most of the people coming home from prison have challenges finding employment. would the kellogg foundation be interested in teaching formerly incarcerated individuals how to be entrepreneurs and building those social skills? do you think that would be a good approach in new orleans to reduce unemployment in the african-american community? ms. tabron: absolutely, and we are doing that in new orleans and throughout the country. many of you may have heard the 100,000 jobs for community youth. the kellogg foundation has joined with businesses across the country to create over 100,000 jobs, and what we are doing in that work is to build support structures, work on issues of ban the box, etc., allowing those that have been incarcerated go back into employment opportunities. yes, we do that all of the time. jarvis: i wish our conversation could be longer.

lyndon baines johnson, his naval career encompassed six months on active duty. he spent less than two months in active theater operations. morton 1908, johnson -- born in 1908 johnson won elections to the u.s. house of representatives in 1937. in june 1940, he was appointed lieutenant commander in the u.s. naval reserve. immediately after pearl harbor lbj was assigned to the office of the chief of naval operations. with responsibility for investigating roadblocks slowing the production of ships and aircraft of the navy. that led, in may 1942, to an inspection trip to australia and new zealand, during which , according to the johnson presidential library website, he took part as an observer in a number of bomber missions. one mission, about which some controversy has arisen, resulted in the award of the silver star, given as a result of his decision to participate as an observer in "a hazardous area -- a real combat mission -- arierial combat mission over hostile positions in new guinea." in july 1942, president roosevelt, having banned federal legislatures from

president lyndon johnson went to the u.s.ol rotunda on august 6, 19 city five two signed the bill he believed would be his greatest legacy. -- august 6, 1965. we want your white house -- we will hear white house telephone calls between nok and numbers of congress to strategize and enact the voting rights law. we talk with lbj's domestic advisor and an historian who has edited transcripts of lbj's white house call. and we will see his speech at the capital before he signed the bill. sunday at 10:00 a.m., 5:00 p.m. and 10:00 p.m. eastern on c-span3. next on american history tv, university of california berkeley history professor examines the intersection of guns capitalism, and revolution in the americas. he discusses the history of a gun production in europe and how the americans did not create their own large-scale gun production system in the 1700s. it focuses on the american revolution and how arms trading contributed to an american victory. he also talks about capitalism's role in the haitian revolution of 1791-1804. this

but he has not been a hands on relationship builder in the way certainly, no one has had the where lyndonson did it i would suggest, but there've been lots of others have done a lot more average. undertake that is one of the issues and problems. >> especially your father. i'm going to turn it over, and the people who would rather ask questions then hear me do it. but here's a tough one. suppose the supreme court, you know, not the underpinning of the coverage part of the affordable care act, what fix would you suggest as, i will call you a moderate republican who cares about this issue? >> well, i think the first thing that will settle in as a realization is that this will have an effect on millions of people. so they will have to be some way of being able to find a solution to this. there will be those i suspect who will say this is a great opportunity for us to just blow this whole thing up and, therefore, we ought to do it, it's important for america. then there will be those who say we can't do with the problem of 11 or 12 many people would be affected by. i expect if it were to occur

the conversation includes phone conversations between lyndon johnson and his aides and congressionalembers about strategy on how to enact and enforce the law and lbj's 1955 speech at the u.s. capitol and the signing of the bill. also this weekend tonight at 7:10, the university of california at berkeley history professor looks at the history of gun production in europe and how arms trading contributed to american victory during the revolution. get our complete get jewel at www.c-span.org -- our complete schedule at www.c-span.org. >> next, author in french historian dominique fracois explores the role of women during world war ii. he argues women were a vital support of the successes of the war by participating in women's armed forces organizations and manufacturing force of lies. the kansas city public library hosted this event. -- manufacturing war supplies. >> i'm pleased to welcome our speaker, dominique fracois, back to the american heartland. dominique was in abilene as we commemorated the 70th anniversary of the d-day invasion. he is a renowned military historian. he has publi

he always spoke with presidents starting with lyndon b.y up of a opportunity for african-americans, young african-americans. job opportunities, educational opportunities, and then housing in the inner cities. for families to be able to live in. dad did some things that were way ahead of his time back in the late 1960's and the early 1970's in this town. he had a restaurant called the gold platter. it would be like a walmart today. you could go grocery shopping, but you could also have a meal there. you can also eat, there was a restaurant. you go to walmart for me can do just about anything can we get something to eat vegan shopping you can get your hair done. he was way ahead of his time. he created a system where people could have food stamps so that they could be able to purchase the film in the stores. -- food in the stores. he was so far end of his time and try to help has community. ♪ say it loud say it loud say it loud ♪ ♪ >> to make a three minute song i'm black and i'm proud, had so much power to generations to come and i do not t

delays on the new jersey turnpike after an accident forced the roadway to close in both directs in lyndon, tonight, traffic is still backed up. sky fox over the scene tonight. now. >> the traffic is still backed up for miles hopefully will be cleared up by the morning commute. stacey deli it can't secaucus now. stacey. reporter: well, dar i, it was not just the jersey turnpike that was backed up. nearly every major roadway in new jersey was clogged up this evening as drivers tried to maneuver their way home. route 3 cleared up around 8:30 tonight. the northbound lanes are open on the turnpike. the southbound lanes do remain closed. the backup is still 8 miles long t. they tell us tonight, they do expect to have everything reopen bid the morning. so this is insane. >> rodney summing up the ex earns on the new jersey turnpike today. >> we if went from bumper-to-bumper with the detos to bumper-to-bumper on ear. >> it is frustrating. very frustrating. >> the backup stretched for miles and miles after a dump truck overturned and caught fire at an overpass on the southbound turnpike in lyndon a

if we don't have someone more exciting in the white house -- lyndon johnson comes in.can get a lot of things done, but he's crude. he could never quite measure up to the kennedy mystique. could you put things in that context in terms of how much of that stylistic element was the core remaining legacy of the kennedy legend? >> who wants to give that a whirl? jacksell these books on and jack junior and jackie. the element of style is critical to the perpetuation of that legacy. eisenhower obviously didn't have that. he read westerns. hofstetter was interested in ideas, and he was interested of -- in the quality of mind. he wasn't seduced by john f. kennedy. he refused to work for the lyndon johnson white house, although his friend eric gordon did. critical.to be he wanted to be outside of it, but he was sympathetic to this political expression. as far as the politics of style, i think hofstetter wasn't seduced by that. in 1965, heis event probably wouldn't have spoken. he got a lot of invitations to speak a lot of places, and i'm not sure if this was his way of saying, i

. >> tonight on c-span3, american history tv looks back 50 years to president lyndon johnson's signing of the medicare bill. over the next two and a half hours, we'll revisit the politics and strategy behind the legislation. including a series of white house telephone calls that lbj had with aids and member of

lyndon johnson did that, the kennedy administration, believe me, bobby kennedy was not above doing that kind of thing. so it's shady, it's reprehensible, but it wasn't unique. >> first of all, i'd like to thank you for authoring what i consider to be one of the fairest books about president nixon that's ever been written. my question is about the rapprochement with china. i haven't read the book yet, i'll admit that. the review in the "wall street journal" said you tended to minimize the reproachment. my understanding is the reproachment was conducted in order to put the kibosh on world communism, which it did, because of the chinese -- because of the red sow yets' fear -- soviets' fear that the chinese could open up fronts every 500 miles on that 3,000-mile front that the two countries share. i'd like for you to comment on your views on the -- >> yeah. >> -- nixon doctrine and the effect that the reproach had worldwide. >> yeah. nixon did this all under the radar for a long time. he went to europe in the early '60s, and conrad add power -- adnauer and de gaulle said you ought to go to

following a scandal about an aide to lyndon johnson, cooper successfully pushed the senate to set upfinally, john cooper brought a constructive problem-solving approach to public policy. his entrance into senate debate, no matter how partisan or divisive it may have become, commented senator gordon of colorado, meant that his fellow senators lowered their voices and listened instead of just attacking. another senator observed that he always brought light to the problem rather than heat which was a distinguishing characteristic. i don't want all of you to leave here thinking senator cooper was infallible. he was not. he had many foibles. for one, he was always running late. in fact, the only time he carried a wristwatch was when he served in the army. he did not drive an automobile. people just took care of him and helped him out. whether it was driving him around or assisting him with some other mundane task. his family members are shaking their heads yes. i'll give you another experience i had that illustrates this point. it was 1980, the republican convention in detroit which subse

amy: fifty years after the lyndon johnson signed the voting rights act, efforts to role back voting rights continue across the country. as presidential candidates proliferate, who gets to vote. we'll speak with ari berman author of the new book on the modern struggle for voting rights in america. then to venezuela. >> we should be proud. i don't know if there were someone proud about 11. emiko we will look at the the making of leopoldo lÓpez -- venezuela's leading opposition figure. we will speak with roberto lovato, author of a new investigation into his rise to prominence. all that and more, coming up. welcome to democracy now! democracynow.org, the war and peace report. i'm amy goodman. fox news has chosen the top ten republican candidates to participate thursday in the first debate of the 2016 presidential election. the candidates include front-runner donald trump, jeb bush, scott walker, marco rubio, ted cruz, rand paul, ben carson, mike huckabee, chris christie and john kasich, who eeked out a spot as the tenth-highest polling candidate. the remaining seven republican candidates who

sunday morning at 10:00 eastern we commemorate the 50th anniversary of president lyndon johnson's signing of the 1955 voting act. it includes conversations between johnson and his aides dr. martin luther king jr., and strategies on how to enforce the law. also this weekend, tonight at 7:10, university of california berkeley professor brian go lay looks at the production of arms. get a complete collection at c-span.org. all weekend, the history -- american history tv celebrates the city of augusta, georgia. the home is the home of george walton, one of the youngest signers of the declaration of independence. c-span passat -- c-span's staff visited many places. learn more about augustine on c-span tv. >> ♪ i feel good i knew that i would, now i feel good i knew that i would now so good so good i got you ♪ ♪ >> we are in the augustine museum of history in augusta ga. we call this exhibit james brown , the godfather of soul. it gives a different perspective of him. the man, the music, and the messages in his music. you will see beautiful memorabilia, a beautiful grand cape that he designed, a

>> a huge success, the record of the great society and lyndon johnson is somewhat mixed. i don't think there's any mixed report card on medicare it's been successful it has growing pains because the health care's very complicated, it has evolved over the years. and needs to continue to evolve over the years i don't believe we need some kind of fundamental new direction or fundamental restructuring of the program. >> your final thoughts? >> we didn't hear very much from the people who really help, which are the people who are not on medicare, are paying for medicare, and are worried about whether it would be there or not. it was very interesting to listen to those who are on medicare, they're very important. they're the current recipients, as you indicated. the millennials and many of the people under 65 if not the millennials don't believe the program will be there for them, social security or medicare, it would be helpful if they would become more be actively involved in the political process they are going to be paying in no matter what, what's there for them, when they

think of texas politics they think of the recent presidents who have come from texas, starting with lyndon johnson in the 1960's and then the two bushes. that is probably the first thing they think of. beyond that they think of texas and how it has changed and become a very republican state. the history of texas politics is that for over 100 years texas was a one-party democratic state. the democratic party was the party of the south and it really came out of the outgrowth of the civil war where the republican party was regarded as the party of the north, the party of the yankees, the party of the blacks. during the period of the 19th century, the base of the republican party up until the 1920's was black voters. as more and more black voters were excluded, so too republican votes went down. by the beginning of the 20th century, the democratic party was totally dominant. within the democratic party there were conservatives and as the 20th century went on, a number of liberal democrats. the contest became between conservatives and liberals within the democratic primary. up until about 1960,

. >> historic moment 50 years ago, lyndon johnson signing the voting rights act.y booker of new jersey, saying that's under threat right now. thank you for joining us this morning. we have argued the combination of the supreme court's decision back in 2013 which overthrew a key portion of the voting rights act. efforts to pass voter rights laws. my question is what is the solution? some like martin o'malley say you need a constitutional amendment guaranteeing the right to vote. >> first, i want to press the case. many people don't understand that this voting rights act is under threat. these voters i.d. laws which are being passed in many states have a disproportionate impact. >> what's the harm in making sure there is no harm at the voting booth? >> that's the point. there is no harm. take texas for example, where lyndon johnson is from, they passed these voter i.d. laws. in the decade before that, ten years, they only prosecuted two people. you're more likely to get struck by lightning in texas than so find voter fraud. but yet they passed a law that even right