the mali empire was unded in 1235 by sunjata, the first king of the mali empire., in fact, he is one of the people who is remembered in the songs of the kora. if you grow up in a society in west africa that has the kora music, you hear this music from the time that you're a child. and you begin to absorb it little by little by little. you start to hear names of people who are important in your society-- historical figures, and you start to learn about some of the things that they have done, and the information begins to be passed on to you. and the tradition has changed now. it used to function in a very narrow context for royalty, preserving their story and their history, but now it becomes an icon for the whole society. ♪ the soldiers traveled in from the north. ♪ ♪ the moon shine bright and clear. ♪ (narrator) the musical storyteller is important in many societies around the world. in the rural south of the united states, ballad singers share and reinforce cultural memory through song. while many ballads refer to events that occurred centuries ago in europe, th

two weeks ago we this 3,000 refugees from mali. they were fleeing fighting between armed groups, with absence from the state. the number of people is a strain on our resources. we didn't have contingency plans for them. >> what the u.n. is doing doesn't seem to have responses. >> there are essential items that we have never seen here, such as milk for children, clothes and shoes for the poor, and tents that are crucial in the rain. we need a speedier process of registration for the new arrivals. >> some of those concerns were put to the local authorities which are unable to do much about the situation. >> the governments alert, join with us to take care of all this refugee people population. really, we need more means. >> most of the recent refugees are tuareg, a community which straddles the border between mali and niger. they face discrimination in both countries. >>> well, we said earlier in the newshour we would exam the al qaeda leader's plans to expand his network into the indian subcontinent. ayman al zawahiri conveyed a sub

mali, you need to approach microphone. >> the official opinion would be we are neutral. we don't care who gets the contract as long as they play by the rules of the cba. >> very good, thank you. then my second question is in direct response to the cypress concerns. do you think andrew can practically and financially meet the terms of this contract without any problem or any sort of reversal on the workers? >> they have met all the requirements that we have worked in the document. we have checked all of their references, we know they are history. yes. we feel that they can perform the work. i would like to have chris address the director of security with his experience with andrew. >> thank you. thanks, my name is chris, the director of security and enforcement. as mentioned in the bidding process we developed a scope of work that had very clearly defined minimum requirements particularly with respect to the experience of the winner of the contract. and we are satisfied that andrew has signature -- significant enough experience in managing large security operations to eff

we've seen it in somalia and mali, of course in afghanistan, when hosted by the taliban. so this is a generational struggle. i would disagree with you that it's not on the agenda. it is. we're going to be discussing it at the leader's dinner this evening. one of the things nato will be agreeing in these next two days is that we should be helping those countries most threatened build their capacity. we'll be offering, for instance, jordan capacity building and help with their armed forces to make sure they can play an even greater role in keeping their region and their people safe. >> will britain be committing air strikes against isis in iraq and syria? >> we don't rule anything out. we'll act with partners in our national interest. we've already taken some important steps with americans and others. we've been helping the kurds. just last night, british plane landed with body armor for the kurdish forces. we're helping with iraqi government. i think there's more we can do in both those areas we've been flying surveillance and other missions over iraq, working with our ame

i like this woman mali. we all like mali and beyonce like male. here's the thing, if you want to look like mali, you come over to the ex ton fair on saturday. or you're one of my interns. 90 seconds from fan i to fancy. >> 90 seconds from fancy to fancier. our dad's a plumber. a business manager. and a stickler for homework. i'm john kane running for state senate. dad says the road to a good job starts in the classroom. [ lori ] he's a great dad who sees taxes going up but schools not getting the funding they need. [ john ] so i'd put back the billion dollars corbett cut from education and make sure corporations and natural gas drillers paid their fair share. time to close the loopholes for the tax cheats. dad thinks a lot about education. i'm john kane and it's about time harrisburg did too. there it is... this is where i met your grandpa. right under this tree. ♪ (man) some things are worth holding onto. they're hugging the tree. (man) that's why we got a subaru. or was it that tree? (man) introducing the all-new subaru outback. love. it's what

mali was the first country that was the victim, and recently in the horn of africa. and today, book on around is operating -- boca around is operating in nigeria -- bo boko haram is operating in nigeria and cameroon. aremates are that there fighters coming from 80 countries, the majority of them from the middle east and muslim countries, as well as from the west. the majority are young people recruited through the internet and social networks. the african continent is also facing the phenomenon of foreign fighters. terrorist groups such as boko the islamiceda in background and al-shabaab have proven to be the most dangerous in recent years. they have these fighters in their ranks. 22 countries of the continent have been the target of terrorist violence. for this reason, on september 2, i chaired in nairobi a summit. point outcome of that, in -- important decisions were taken to deal with a double phenomenon of terrorism and extremism. in this regard, the peace and security council has requested the commission of the african union to envision measures such as strength

to some of the headlines now from around the world starting in mali where four u.n. peacekeepers have been killed and fifteen others injured when that convoy hit a landmine on monday the u.n. base came under mortar fire four civilians were injured northern mali fell under control of separatist an al qaeda linked extremist following a military coup in two thousand and twelve the un mission took over responsibility for security in the region last year after french troops forced islamists from key towns. thousands of marched through the peruvian capital against what they say is fraud by the country's electoral council supporters of the former mayor of lima came to the rally after his name was removed from the ballot in the upcoming election riot police blocked the protesters movement as they tried to march to government buildings. and to remind you are breaking news this hour here on r.t. international it's been confirmed that russian photographer andre stannin is dead and been missing in eastern ukraine for almost a month russian investigators say stemmons car was shel

some of the headlines now from around the world in starting in mali where four u.n. peacekeepers have been killed and fifteen others injured when their convoy hit a landmine on monday the un's base in the region came under mortar fire which injured four civilian contractors northern mali fell under control of to iraq separatists in the al-qaeda linked extremist following a military coup in two thousand and twelve the un mission took over responsibility for security in the region last year after french troops forced islamists from king towns. thousands have marched through the peruvian capital against what they see as food by the electoral council supporters of the format of lima came to the rally after his name was removed from the ballots in the upcoming election riot police it blocked the protesters movement as they try to march to government buildings. up ahead on r.t. international is breaking the set with abby martin and if you're watching in the u.k. afshin rattansi will take you underground stay with us.

has a landmine a monday the un's base came under mortar fire which injured four civilians northern mali fell under control of separatists and al-qaeda linked extremists following a military coup in two thousand and twelve the un mission took over responsibility for security in the region last year after french troops forced is the mists from king towns. thousands of marched through the peruvian capital against what they say is fraud by the country's electoral council supporters of the former married name came to the rally after his name was removed from the ballot in the upcoming election right place broke the protesters movements as they're trying to march to government buildings. to remind us of our breaking news here on r.t. international it's been confirmed that russian photographer andre stanton is dead he's been missing in eastern ukraine for almost a month russian investigators say stand in his car was shelled by the ukrainian army along with a refugee convoy a photo correspondent for the reno vesty news agency stead and had been working outside don't yet covering the ongoing con

mali i can't is on her way home.no evidence that the shooting that happened on constitution avenue had any direction at the white house, any connection to the white house, that it looked like two gangsters, to them, shooting at each other in two cars. the reason the president and first laity were upset was really twofold. one, how could the secret service not discover this? how could it be a house keeper finding a bullet that showed it was a guy shooting into the house. >> it was significant damage. >> it is a historic house. it was about $97,000 in damage. there were bullets and bullet fragments found. the most striking thing is a secret service officeren on the ground is standing under the south portico, hears shots and hears the sound of debris falling and tells her colleagues that night but still is afraid to counter her bosses when they tell her it was two gangster s shooting at each other. >> so she wasn't sure. she was afraid? >> we only know what she told them later. she said she told many of her colleagues a

it works on tanzania, if it works in kenya, and might parts of peru be willing to take a shot, and mali and so on? >> well, certainly to pilot and test cases are extremely useful. good news can be spread. but as in the opener ceremony, it's not only a matter of individual choices including individual choices by countries. it's a matter of having the international economical and political context that favors that kind of initiative. it is not only an one shot in one country or in a few countries, but that it really becomes something that is--that becomes economically interesting for everyone. and in that perspective as the u.n. secretary general said this morning, and as the ipcc has shown in its report as well, having at some point a pricing of carbon emissions to the atmosphere is a key element to incentivize the cleaner energy in the world. once industries have to start paying for using the atmosphere as a sewer, then they look at other possibilities that are cheaper from that point of view. that becomes economically interesting. it becomes naturally interesting to have cleaner energy

trying to do more airstrikes in yemen and mali. and arming what they call moderate rebels. the republicans are on board and others were on board, ed when i read about this, i thought about the germ german frp expert who said -- foreign policy expert who said where are are the arms going? >> utsd he spoke to the -- you said he spoke to the nation, but the lack of details were missing. the british and the germans said well not bomb syria. and the arab states were reluctant to get involved. we'll be behind the scenes and train you and you do the flying and you can be on the ground doing the heavy lifting and people are not confident there's a plan that will support troops on the ground so they will be effective. and the administration in too many instance, has been on both sides of the issue. the president originally talked about these moderate fighters in syria as inadequate. he said it was a fantasy to thank that lawyers, doctors and pharmacists and the like could fight against assad. instead of giving them light arms we want to give them tanks. people are not confident that

reporter: on top of the potential list of those under privileged are these refugees from neighboring malif them are already infected. but medical service in this camp in northern asia is clearly basic and it's not certain for many of them, however, that they can survive a malaria epidemic if it breaks out here, i'm with al jazeera. >>> the scale of abuse is extraordinary, in a report compiled by the u.n. children's agency it revealed that data from 190 countries, 95,000 people below the age of 20 were murdered in 2012. that makes up about 20% of all homicides globally and also notes the third of all students between the ages of 13-15 regularly face bullying in school and perhaps most alarming of all 120 million girls below the age of 20 were forced to have sex in 2012, that is 1 in every 10 girls worldwide. of those child abuse cases africa was by far the worst performing continent, congo top the list when it came to number of girls forced into sex last year and new in uganda were widespread, high number of girls in new guinea were abused and the figures were startling in zambia and camar

the flight went down near mali. half of the dead were french. >>> air france pilots voted to extend their strike for another week, opposed to the airline's push to develop a low-cost subsidiary which they fear will undermine their jobs. half of all flight were cancelled on saturday. >> refrigerators don't cope well with power cuts. it's not a question of food going bad. hospitals can lose vaccine and other measures. >> as simon mcgregor-wood reports, a british company came up with a cole solution attracting global interest. >> at a warehouse in wales, ian is making special fridges. they are maintain the perfect temperature, for more than 10 days without power. >> grid power is unreliable for most of the people in the world. to be able to take energy when it's available, and put it into a store, and be able to make that deliver perfect refrigeration, it's absolutely mass if. it has a massive impact. >> water is at its heaviest at 4 degrees celsius. a sure-feel fridge has power on the top. when power is lost, a natura

their youngest daughter was home and mali avment returned soon. after they rushed to respond to the sounds and smell of gunfire they received an order over the radio to stand down. the secret service thought it was construction equipment backfiring. then citing witness accounts, the agency said the gunfire was from a gang fight nearby. it wasn't until four days later once michelle obama had returned that a housekeeper noticed broken glass and plaster inside the residents. the first lady learned about the incident from a whitehouse usher. president obama was still traveling. the secret service did a search of the whitehouse and found at least seven bullets had hit the building including in and around the truman balcony where the first family has been known to relax. only then was the fbi called in to investigate around the same time that ortega was apprehended in virginia. the obamas were furious and after the president returned home called then director mark saul have you been in a closed door meeting. tony told cnn service secrete director -- sec

it went down in mali after takeoff. all 116 on board were killed. half of the dead were french. >> ukraine says it will not be pulling back the troops from a buffer zone until all sides, including russia implement a ceasefire deal. ukranian forces and pro-russian separatists exchange 40 prisoners north of the donetsk region. international observers monitored the swap which forms part of the 9 point memorandum. ukraine's foreign minister pavlo klimkin spoke to al jazeera about the importance of maintaining the ceasefire. >> we have to get back law and order to the people of don esk and luhansk, because they are absolutely fed up on the developments on killing people, taking hostages. can you imagine thousands, not just hundreds because of the conflict. it's not just about amnesty, it's terminology use. it's about freeing from criminal responsibility. only those who have not committed capital crimes. >>> flooding devastated pakistan's punjab province and the past agricultural region. it's described as the breadbasket of the country. crops are underwat

it was in africa when it was called on to come to mali.unfortunately, it was joined by many african countries, european countries manufactured now the united nations. france has been there each time there has been a danger. but today, this threat exists in iraq manufactured in syria. it does not only concern this region because this group has decided not only to conquer territories imagining it will found a state but this grois threatening the entire world by provoking attacks, organizing abductions, recruiting fighte coming from all over the world to train men, to show them the barbarity that this group is capable of so that repeat and reproduce this sinister terrorism movement in our own countries. therefore, this threat exists not only for the region but for the world. it's for that reason that france has responded to the call of the iraqian authorities so we can bring them first military assistance by providing weapons. this was done in august, but, also, now bringing aerial support to avoid this group continuing to progress. we want t

having looked at similar attempts by jihadist organizations to establish control on the ground and in mali, somalia and yemen, they have to work with the tribes. and they have to make sure that they don't anger powerful external actors who can come in and get rid of them. they have to treat the people well. i think on all of these fronts except perhaps the tribal element we'll see the islamic state failing. it's not going to remain very long. >> we'll be back after a short break. the x factor in all of this, the american public opinion. we'll talk about that when we return. >> welcome back to inside story on al jazeera america. i'm ray suarez. what's ahead in the struggle between the islamic state and the country's around the world looking on with horror as that fighting force claims it's a new caliphate and imposes it's rule on syria and iraq. still with us in london, john drake and will mccanst state department from 2009 to 2011. and in los angeles christian whiten, a senior crisis in the bush administration state department from 2003 to 2009. christian, the president has deplored what t

stopping them in a south of the country that has allowed some of the terrorist groups we saw in action in malind niger to regroup. quick the world health organization is warning of an exponential increase in ebola cases in the coming few weeks. they are expecting many thousands of new infections, specifically experts say that liberia could see a huge spike in cases. let's get the report now. health centers for ebola patients in library are all ready -- already whatever capacity. the ambulance arrives, but there is no rooms left at the treatment center. the suspected ebola suffers in the liberian capital have little choice but to lie down outside the gate and wait for a bad. the ambulance driver says clinics across monrovia are filling up and he does not know where else to go. >> please open more centers. we need up to 10 to 12 new centers. >> the current ebola outbreak has claimed over 2000 lives in west africa, half of them in liberia. several medical centers in monrovia have suspended general services, treating only ebola and critical cases. >> [inaudible] we are not really open -- >> nearly

reporter: on top of the potential list of those underprivileged are these refugees from neighboring mali of them are already infected. but medical service at this camp is clearly basic. they were able to escape the violence in their country. it's not certain for many, however, that they can survive a malaria epidemic if it breaks out here. >>> the international criminal court prosecutor has asked for the trial of kenyan's president to be postponed indefinitely. she said she doesn't have enough evidence to prosecute him because of kenya's failure to cooperate. >> reporter: this comes as no surprise. the prosecute -- prosecution says kenya's government has often been reluctant to cooperate. they asked for bank statements. but the chief prosecutor said that those statements had been tampered with. most of the witnesses have also withdrawn their testimony, making the case even more difficult to try. according to them, it was half baked from the start and heavily relied on false witnesses, kenya says. victims of the post election violence are worried that this case seems to be collapsing, and

in terms of other safe hachs, obviously mali is that warrants great concern for a lot of folks.the french deserve a lot of credit for how they -- i never thought i would say viva la france in a national security sense. even in a counter terrorism standpoint they got in front of what was going to be a much greater threat in terms of immedia immediacy. that doesn't last forever. how do we start addressing the issues? nigeria, this is one of the most gruesome organizations and most brutal and barbaric in terms of iraq. you want to turn off the and stop reading your twitter feeds. you want to stop reading the newspapers. it is a gruesome organization. you have people being killed eye regular basis. you are seeing vicious ied campaigns in the region. you are seeing swaths of girls and now boys being kidnapped, for what? for try to be human. for trying to be part of society. i'm not sure to get our arms around that, but we have to build it up because we can't do it all. boots on the ground should be the last option we ever have in the places. light footprints, yes. heavy footprints, n

they aren't sticking around and governing like you had in northern mall -- mali. they go in the gaifs and mountains and forests -- caves and mountains and forests. >> to form another caliphate or a boko haram state in africa? >> that's right, that's right. people constantly misread what boko haram is all about. i think the government still use them as you know an islamic insurgency that is bent on denying the president reelection. boko haram has done for years what they want. they want to create this islamic kingdom in the northeast of nigeria. people don't take them at their word but that's exactly what they're going about and doing on the update. >> any update on the missing girlsd that captured world's attention? >> did spot group of 70 girls in one area. and 40 girls in one field when they came back they were gone again. it's important to say this. boarm boko haram has kidnapped hundreds and hundreds of girls, not just those school girls and hundreds and hundreds of boys. they were politically important, quite early on they had something they realized was a ne

sha bab had territory and an al-qaeda group in north africa took a tremendous amount of territory in mali. yemen took almost a third of that country before it was taken back by the military. this is the fourth time it's happened. i think we are going to see this kind of situation more and more in the of geography where we see al-qaeda today. next five years, 10 years, 15 years we are going to seee-"k gs take territory and we are going to have to figure out in each case how to take it back >> schieffer: let me go around the table here. the president, the new strategy, do you think it is a good idea? do you have problems with it? just how do you sum it up in your feelings about it? >> i agree with michelle. i think the strategy is strong in iraq. i think we will see success there. the strategy is weaker in syria because we don't have a strong army on the ground to work with. >> all right. michelle? >> i agree with that and the other thing i would say we need to set expectations that this is going to take years to execute. we are not going to see easy or quick wins. this is a matter of patie

base in the region came under mortar fire which injured four civilian contractors northern mali fell under control of to accept protests in the al-qaeda linked extremist following the military coup in two thousand and twelve the un mission took over responsibility for security in the region last year after french troops forced islamists from cape town. thousands have marched through the peruvian capital against what they see as fooled by the electoral council supporters of the format of lima came to the rally after his name was removed from the ballots in the upcoming election riot police have blocked the protesters movement as they try to march to government buildings. up ahead on r.t. international is breaking the set with abby martin and if you're watching in the u.k. afshin rattansi will take you underground stay with us. what's going on guys i'm out in martin and this is a break in the set so a couple weeks ago i had the great privilege of traveling to guantanamo bay prison in cuba to investigate the continuing plight of the hundred forty nine indefinite detainees still there be

we've also seen it in somalia, mali, and afghanistan when hosted by the taliban. so this is a generational struggle. i would disagree with you that it's not on the agenda. it is. we're going to be discussing it at the leaders' dinner this evening. one of the things nato is going to be agreeing in this next two days is that we should be helping those countries most threatened build their capacity. we'll be offering jordan capacity and help for their armed forces to make sure they can play a greater role in keeping their people and region safe. we don't rule anything out. we'll act with partners in our national interest. we've already taken important steps with americans and others. we've been helping the kurds. just last night a british plane landed with body armor for the kurdish forces. i think there's more we can do in both those areas. we've been flying surveillance missions over iraq, working with our american allies. we support the actions america has taken so far. >> reporter: in syria, those on the ground include president assad. are you prepared to work wi

we did so recently facing and in a in mali completely different context in central africa. we shouldered our responsibilities in syria when, as some of the first, we chose to support the moderate opposition, both against assad and against the terrorists. in iraq, we decided to once again shoulder our responsibility by providing humanitarian aid, by providing military assistance, and today, even, this morning, by responding to the call of the iraqi government to provide air to respectorder international law. this morning, indeed, upon instructions handed down by the president of the republic of french planes intervened against a warehouse occupied by the terrorists in the northeast of iraq. it was completely destroyed. coming days and without engaging troops on the ground, we will continue coordinating our efforts with all those who ence especially to act alongside the iraqi forces. acting against iraq was something that divided this council. in 2014, and a very different context, acting for iraq and against the terrorists is a duty for all of us. dear colleagues, this fight

we were still in mali crew at the pool and i was convinced that her time there was limited. in addition to their obvious battle injuries, most of the patients had semi-offensive tattoos. they were loud and boisterous lying around the pool deck and in between sets they would splash one another under the water and create an appropriate pool chaos. but no one ever got mad at us. instead, a strange thing began to happen. people started to swim with us and they would get out of their lane and they would say man, you are doing a good job. keep on swimming. you can do this. and one day we got to the recreation center in the elevator going to the pool was broken. i thought that some of the guys could thump down the stairs on their behind, but it was to fly to, would they have enough energy to lift themselves back up the stairs later? we were getting ready to leave when the pool manager and two of the lifeguards came running up and begin caring for injured guys down the stairs. it happened so fast that i didn't get the chance to second-guess a and an hour later when we got out of the

today, al qaeda is -- are in northern nigeria, up into the sehel, mali, march any a, -- maritania, tunisia, to libya where they are in huge numbers, in egypt where they are back for the first time in 25 years of my down into east africa -- years, down into east africa, up into syria and iraq and still in south asia and pakistan-afghanistan. and bangladesh. they just announced a new cell. >> not to mention asia. >> right. they have done a pretty good job and i will welcome back to that if you want. the asians have done a good job of rooting it out. so why i say two of the iceberg, i think in that huge geographic area that i talked about you will see isis-like problems pop up over the next 5, 10, 15, 20 years. >> is this the greatest challenge today? >> yes. >> not russia, not china. >> i break that into threats and challenges. the greatest threat to the u.s. without a doubt in my mind is islamic fundamentalism. the greatest challenge to the how do we come to terms with a rising power in a station when we are the status quo power, when we need to have a good relationship with this country bo

government to support the initiatives in the world especially those in the middle east, africa, somalia, malidemocratic of congo and the republic of south sudan. we need to find appropriate ways and means of ending these conflicts and many others in the world and to pave way for all the nations and the peoples of the world to live in peace, and to enjoy their rights. in addition the united nations security council needs to be stronger to deal with global challenges, therefore, we support the call of the african leaders for comprehensive review of the u.n. security council to insure that africa and other continents are well represented in this important international body according to the african position as stipulated by consensus and declaration. this would create a more inclusive security council in power all the continents to play a more effective role in promo promoting global peace and security for the benefit of the human race. more importantly, it will insure that the security council continues to fulfill it's purpose, and more able to achieve it's mandate. mr. president, the journey o

in the next few minutes, mali play malawi. >> south africa's cricketers claimed the 1-0 tri-series trophyer defeating australia. a 4-wicked haul by dale steyn means could manage not to win. the proets proteases reached the target with nine wickets to spare. >> earlier in the day, the fortunes were reversed as australia pulled off a last-gasp victory over south africa. they had been leading 23-14. remaining in perth. the match turned when a player was sin binned in his 100th test match. a penalty kick followed up by rob horn, with a minute left on the clock. james foley with a conversion giving the wallabies is 24-23 victory. >> that's it for the newshour. i'll be back with more news in a few minutes. thanks for watching. >> [gunshot]. >> there's a lot of very brave

brandon carr, mali, and the democratic republic of congo. add to that, the violence that goes on in libya, in yemen, the tension in pakistan, the electoral deal in afghanistan, there's so much for world leaders to discuss. it's likely that some countries where people are suffering will not get the attention they deserve. does the u.n. need to broaden the mandate focussing on the international law. i'm not sure that it has to broaden its mandate, it can, through a general assembly committee, work on issues of law and codify standard practices into law. the security council itself - the decisions itself, as i think were pointed out earlier, are binding when they took place after chapter seven. at this point in time the u.n. has to figure out how to sharpen the tools of international diplomacy, and the operational tools to provide humanitarian relief and prove its ability to rebuild countries and improve peacekeeping when there's violence taking place and when they are trying to implement ceasefires. >> your thoughts. >> mr schroder is right. i

niger, libya, yemen, mali, the whole of africa, and more. it is not an arab-muslim fight any more.it affects every delegate here and beyond. it is the fight of our times. success requires an united struggle backed up by strong resources. success also requires a holistic approach, transnational terror grows on the back of crisis, grievances and sectarian conflict . winning hearts and minds takes a strong stand against marginalization, poverty and exclusion. there must be diplomacy, development, job creation, education and more. a second key principle is immediate action. the new breed extremism is recruiting worldwide through social media and covert partnerships. the more resource-rich territory they hold, the more self perpetuating they become. time is ever the essence. we've started taking action and the coalition must see this through. the third requirement is transparency. these groups rely for their survival on international transactions and support. mr. president, there has to be a zero tolerance policy to any country organization or individual that facilitates, supports or fi

situation in west africa, the ebola epidemic, conflicts in africa as well, central african republic, maliand the tension in pakistan, the electoral deal in afghanistan, there is so much for world leaders to discuss in new york this time, the suffering may not get the attention it deserves. >> mr. ross, i posed the question earlier, does the united nations need to focus more or international law, mr. schroeder, i'll start with you. >> that's a good question. i'm not certain it has to broaden its mandate. through its general assembly committees, to standardize into law, and the security council itself, the decisions are binding when they take place under chapter 7 of the u.n. charter. at this point, the u.n. has to figure out how to sharpen the tools of international diplomacy and better provide humanitarian relief and improve its ability to rebuild countries and potentially to provide peace keeping when violence is happening around them. and to implement ceasefires. >> mr. ross. >> i don't think doing more international law is what is needed. i would like to see greater clarity in putting