it was formerly a part of manchuria. watanabe was 5 years old when he arrived with a group of settlers from japan. his parents worked very hard to create their land. they finally saved enough money to buy horses and cows, then their lives took a devastating turn. his father was drafted into the japanese army. he later went missing. soon after, russian soldiers killed his mother. he and his siblings were separated. a chinese couple took watanabe in and later adopted him. he says they raised him as if he was their own child. they helped me when i had nowhere to go. they took very good care of me. i remember everything. >> japan and china restored diplomatic relations in 1972. cat n watanabe could have returned to his home country, but he couldn't leave his foster mother who had been disabled by a stroke and he decided to remain in china. now he's back where it all started. he's heading where he and his family suffered such hardship. the fields are filled with corn. long hills can be seen in the distance. it looks just like

the japanese army, he said, was monthg 100,000 people a ,n china and manchuria civilians, that is. every day that you waited to use that bomb, 3000 more would be killed. whether that know would have influence the decision makers. what surely would have influenced the decision makers join the was ready to war, had joined it, in fact, a e bomb wasbefore th dropped. if you have let them help desk with the invasion of japan, they would have shared in the occupation. that leads to a desperately .wful calculus in that sense, the people of agasakima and not where the first victims of the cold war. else insense, everyone japan was a beneficiary of having used the bomb. i have many japanese friends, and i have gingerly felt them out, and i have yet to speak with one who did not say, in some way, that they were somehow relieved. i'm sure there are such ones, but i have yet to speak with one. that was the reason for using it. also, we had cracked the japanese code. we knew what the emperor, the generals, and the admirals were say to each other. richard b frank, who has read the translated tra

the japanese army, he said, was killing 100,000 people a month in china and manchuria, civilians that is. every day that you waited to use that bomb, 3000 more would be killed. well, i'd don't know -- i don't know if that would have influenced the decision makers. what would have is that russia was ready to join the war. had joined it, in fact, a few weeks after the bomb was dropped. if we had let them help us with the invasion of japan, they would have shared in the occupation. that leads to a kind of desperately awful calculus. in that sense, the people of hiroshima and nagasaki were the first victims of the cold war. the awful thing is, that in that sense, everybody else in japan was a beneficiary of our having used the bomb. i have many japanese friends, and i have gingerly felt about. i have yet to speak with one that did not say in some way, that they were somehow relieved. though i i'm sure there are such ones. but i have yet to speak with one. that was a reason for using it. also, we had cracked the japanese code. we knew what the emperor and the generals and admirals were say

what bears notice though is that japan's attack on manchuria in 931 and italy's attack on ethiopia undermined the mandate system. for when japan and italy sought to justify their actions, they did so in terms embarrassingly reminiscent of the covenant. when the league found japan the aggressor, japan replied that it was building a state in a lawless territory just like britain had in iraq. italy subjected ethiopia with bombs and poison gas, but this doesn't keep mussolini from claiming he, too, was bringing civilization to a slave-trading, backward nation. both states exited the league. those arguments didn't work. appealing to the league to save his country from italian barbarism had public opinion if not military might on his side. that's classy in geneva. he didn't just attack italian claims to civilization and promote his own, he denounced the idea there was a hierarchy of peoples anyway. apart from the kingdom of the lord, there is not on this earth any nation who is superior to any other, he said. but the language of backward and advanced, civilized and bash brows had always -- barbarou