september 1931 japan invades manchuria. and eventually congress manchuria. manchuria is enormous. it's one point 1.5 million sque kilometers. it's like this enormous piece of the earth. japan had just signed the kellogg briand pact three years earlier. why they did that is a whole other story which we talk about in the book. it's a really interesting story like a thought they were allowed to do that. but they did it. and that caused an enormous problem for the world, which was what do we do about this? like how do we enforce the prohibition against war? we just renounced war. it would be absurd to use war to enforce the prohibition on war. it's like a homer simpson moment where they go like d'oh. they throughout the one tool they had and then they had to think, well, what tools do we have in order to discipline states who do go to war and violate their commitments? henry stimson went to yale college and it just so happens he was a classmate of salmon levinson. and levinson had wrote, had written an article in 1929 which he sent to stimson. and in that article which was entitled th

sein september 1931, japan invades manchuria and eventually conquers them, it's enormous, it's one and half million square kilometers, it's like an enormous piece of the earth. japan had just signed the impact three years later. why they did that is a whole other story which we talk about the book. it's very interesting why they thought theyy were allowed to do that but they did it. that caused an enormous problem for the world which was, what do we do about this? it would be absurd to use war to enforce prohibition on war. like it's over simpson episode. they throughout the 12 oh they had. reasons and went to yell college and it just happened he was a classmate of salmon levinson. in that article which was entitled the sanctions of bees, he proposed that now war was illegal, states should no longer have the right of conquest. if the whole idea was to further the right of war, they should no longer have the right ofso conquest. what other states should not do is recognize that state. they should not trade with them or record any sovereign rights to the conqueror. somebody might take a