the jurisdiction point or after he said a lower court should issue and would be obliged to issue a mandamus to madison because a judge did not have the authorization to order against madison. at the time it was a courageous act. >> but there is a case in article 3 that did not. >> later when he issued the subpoena to president jefferson, that was to profound physical consequences, but he stated again eloquently that it was the court's duty to obtain evidence if it was material to the trial. the notion that political consequences should stay the hand of the court is a notion that, again, speaking through marshall, the court rejected in cohens against virginia in the cherokee nation case where it was common knowledge that the state legislatures in virginia and georgia would interpose themselves and defy this court. and marshall uttered the words which i think are justly famous, the justice of the court can't reach out for jurisdiction it doesn't have. it has an obligation to exercise the jurisdiction it does have, whatever may be the political consequences of that act. the court's action in e