i think that there are marbury's skeptics, the way i am, but let me try to brief you. it's very simple. it will be madisonian. one of madison's key proposals -- in addition to state laws and representation, he is following an example from the virginia state constitution and having a joint executive council that would present a limited negative, a limited vo, over legislation. what did medicine like this idea? -- why did madison like this idea? he had been involved in activities of collective deliberation, whether he been in congress or the virginia assembly. he was deeply, deeply mistrustful of the quality of legislative the liberation. -- deliberation. he is skeptical about it. he was to do what he thinks will improve the quality of legislation. it's much better to deal with it at the beginning then deal with poorly drafted legislation later on. it's better to deal with it then later on when the consequences have to be litigated out. you better have legislation like this. but when he proposes a revision, you see, all of the framers understand. all of the framers excep