part of our co-author team was marc grossman. bruce riddell from brookings as well as clara walker was the only person i can think of a beer who wrote a book with 70 whont ghani and david work tirelessly at the pentagon for many years aon afghanistan. now you, many people have said as long as pakistan has at best and ambivalent posture towards this position, seeming to want to keep the conflict going, even as it nominally cooperates with us in others, there really is no hope. as long as there is a section -- ashe for the telegram long as there is sanction for insurgency will live on and there will not be a prospect of stopping this conflict. that is just the provocation. i want to put the more general subject of pakistan for you to address as you wish. how should we think about pakistan's role going forward? >> in the discussions which led to this paper, i think the pakistan aspect was the most difficult. in fact it is the only part of the paper where the authors were not able to come to a complete consensus and where it signals