maria stewart would also be an organizer. now, a catalyst also helps create circles -- as an organizer, know tips the name. notice the name. i want you to notice the name. african-american. if any body gets in the discussion, that african-american, or afric american is new out of the 20th century. they need to go and read old literature. this organization, the afric-american female intelligence society. established in september of 1831 they had the goal of the diffusion of knowledge. suppression of vice and immoralties and virtues that would render us happy and useful to society. i want to point out that it is actually a set of virtues that fulani way of life. it is a set of virtues that will render you happy and useful to society. they are literally repeating in the english language. this organization again, afric-american female intelligence society, created september 1831. for the purpose of diffusing knowledge. and elevating the community. maria stewart would tell the women of the organization, woman, oh, woman, woman. up

maria stewart makes her argument. she says i believe the oppression of the injured, injured africa has come up before the majesty of heaven. and when our cries have reached the ears of the most high, it will be a tremen dw tremendous e people of this land for strong is the hand of the lord al mighty. maria stewart would also be an organizer. now a catalyst also helps create circles -- as an organizer, know tips the name. i want. this is -- this is september 1831. i want you to notice the name. african-american. if any body gets in the discussion, that african-american, or afric american is new out of the 20th century. they need to go and read old literature. this organization, the afric-american female intelligence soap sigh tee. established in september of 1831 they had the goal of the diffusion of knowledge. suppression of vice and virtues that would render us happy and useful to society. i want to point out that it is actually a set of virtues that way of life. it is a set of virtues that will render you happy and

maria stewart the same thing. maria stewart trying to make her way to washington. she had gone to baltimore before the war. and would make her way to washington early in the war. but in july 1861, the house and the senate would pass resolutions that stated why the federal government was going to war. it was, quote, to maintain the supremacy of the constitution and to prep serserve the union not interfere with the domestic institution of the states. the words slavery. president lincoln affirmed the resolutions. so the federal on jek tigovern k objection je objective was the same. it was not legal for men of african to join. it wasn't legal for african-american men to join the federal army when the civil war begins april 1861. it had been illegal since 1792. fame sis it was against the law. president lincoln, had no legal authority. it is going to take an act of congress. allen pederton, he observed, although as yet prevented from taking up arms in defense of their rights, these colored men had banded themselves together to further the cause frif dof f. ,000 these pe

maria stewart was a political essayist and speaker. so her speeches are available. in fact, the book that i really recommend for anybody wanting to study early negro writings was edited by dorothy porter and it's called "early negro writings." and dorothy porter use -- dr. dorothy porter was the head archivist for many years and that work i think is something that should be -- anybody is curious on this subject should have it in their library and some of maria stewart's diary and you get to hear their voices. >> great, thank you. >> well, thank you very much for your time. and may you all have fun researching. >>> as commemoration of the 1350 -- 150th war continues join us for programs featuring the civil war. for more information about american history tv on c-span 3 including the complete schedule, go to c-span.org/history. to keep up with us during the week or to send questions or comments, follow us on twitter. >>> the organization of american historians and the national council on public history recently held their annual meeting in milwaukee, wisconsin. americ

you can't study the legal league and not run into them like a maria stewart, a harriet tubman. they're major players, so you can't just mention them as showing up. these are highly competent and effective people. so you have to deal with them. so i decided in the lecture what i was going to do was deal with them as effective people within an organization that had a plan, and that executed their plan. and i've been researching this for a number of years. i would say i'm getting close. i would probably need to sit down and not have other things on my mind for a while to really put it -- kind of a sabbatical, to put it into a book. i have been working on this -- when i first started working on this, identifying this organization, i was -- it was the early '90s. i was at a -- the advanced artillery officers school in ft. sill. i was an artillery officer so i did a battle study on mos -- military operational specialty. i did a battle study on vicksburg and when i was doing the battle study on vicksburg, when i looked at the information that african-americans were delivering and even

maria stewart must have felt pretty good, because surely the women she charged were preparing this generation for striking this blow for freedom, for becoming the moses of freedom. they had trained them well. but the goal was not only to end the tyranny of slavery, but to gain their rights as citizens. and francis ellen harper would write after the 15th amendment was passed -- now, francis ellen harper had problem with their women, like susan b. anthony because she supported the 14th and 15th amendment arguing we need to move forward with a voice from our community. african descent need a voice. we can't stand by and wait for the women to get a voice, so our men, if it means they have to hit the first voice, we'll fight to get the first voice. and after the 15th amendment was signed, she was -- was ratified or passed actually, francis ellen harper would write, oh, ransom race, give god the praise who led me through the crimson sea. the forecast was that the great house, pharaoh would bring sword against sword. and there would be a parting of a red sea of blood, the crimson sea, through which

she also apparently didn't know that a black woman named maria stewart had written essays earlier in the any 20s, she was a school teacher, she had called for woman suffrage. stanton apparently didn't know. hi joe. i saw your hand. they were enfranchised during the revolution when new jersey wrote its state constitution, 1776, and they lost the suffrage in the early 1800s. and they lost it permanent. and didn't vote anywhere else. the whole episode is very puzzling. it's a very strange aspect of american political history and american reform, that stanton who was highly literate, very smart, she published several books, she had a long career as an activist, she lived until the end of the century. that she didn't know that women had once voted in new jersey. it's funny how history gets buried sometimes. knowledge just gets lost. but she never brought it up. nonetheless, there are other woman's rights conventions begin to take place in the u.s. in the 1850s. usually in the northeast and in the midwest. this is a movement that is largely based in those regions. at a convention here in o

joining us, democratic stri strategist maria cardona and allison stewart. say they don't expect him to immediately endorse romney, but what do we suspect santorum actually wants? that's, of course, up to you to answer. you know the guy best. what do you think? >> well, suzanne, there were no flies on the wall in that meeting, it was just the two of them. they wrapped up a short time ago after speaking for an hour and a half. it was a good meeting. the romney campaign asked for rick to sit down and talk and it was a good meeting. rick had a few issues he wanted to express to governor romney. those being manufacturing, the importance of that. certainly he wanted to ensure that the issues and the views and values of the tea party conservatives, the social conservatives, and the blue collar conservatives were going to be folded into the romney campaign, and we'll see as we hear what happened in the meeting how that came about, but clearly what governor romney needs to do is what he's been doing, going out on the campaign trail, as we just heard. one of the most

joining us cnn contributor and democratic strategist maria cardona along with former santorum and bachmann strategist allison stewartm going to play two campaign commercials and two ads for mitt romney. watch these two different ads. >> corporate raiders by mitt romney, more ruthless than wall street. for tens of thousands of americans, the suffering began when mitt romney came. bain was making billions at the same time and to the greatest american, and -- >> those guys are all rich and they had more money than they'll ever spend and they didn't have the money. >> bain capital walked away with a lot of money that they made off of this plant. >> all right. do you have idea with the first ad. >> it's pretty clear. one thing's for sure, and the extremely mislooet leading and ill timed. they're talking about a situation that happened two years after that romney was at bain capital and shows --? what about the first ad done by newt gingrich and his campaign? these attacks are certainly not very appropriate going after a private enterprise in the case of president obama and he's going after private enterprise on the very