marine corps combat photographers.attle is told from about mid-may until the conclusion of fighting on june 1945. about 45,000 americans were killed or wounded during the invasion. (music)

marine corps combat photographers. the story of the savage battle is told from about mid-may until the conclusion of fighting on june 1945. about 45,000 americans were killed or wounded during the invasion. (music) (noise) >> the upper 4/5 of okinawa are already in our hands. the principle remaining japanese strength of more than 50,000 troops has managed to stalemate both the marine corps and the marine third amphibious corps, which has arrived from the north to support them. from the capital city of naha, the enemy defense line runs unbroken for four miles like a stone wall to the east coast. along this line, marine troops faced the concentrated fire of japanese artillery, the most effective yet encountered in any pacific operation. [gunfire] here are (explosions) armored units that operate over terrain that is tactically advantageous to the japanese. volcanic outcroppings and choral knobs enabled the enemy to go from one fortified ridge to another. operation points go over most of the terrain, comprising a stubborn

backed by heavy fire, from ships, thesupport first marine of severe core -- the first marine amphibiousorps head for the beach. [explosion] tanks embarking in the assault waves make headway under their own power. in addition to overall waterproofing, special auxiliary flotation gear gives the tanks the necessary buoyancy. this increases the facility with which armored units can be brought ashore. ♪ the pontoons are secured so they may be jettisoned immediately after the vehicles have attained the beach. ♪ landings made on adjacent beaches hit the east central shore of okinawa. and they are relatively unopposed. corps, consisting of three divisions, has pushed south and east towards the main city and airfield. sixth marinest and divisions comprising the assault force of the third amphibious corps drive inland to the east and north. they are committed to severing the island and securing the northern section. covering little more than light in sporadic rearguard opposition, the assault made such rapid inlays on shore but objective line has already been reached. ♪ [gunfire] [airplanes roari

nothing about the marine corps. i went in after my 18th birthday and filled out the paperwork to enlist and turned it in and he looked at me and said sorry, we can't take you and he told me the reason being, i was too short. i was only 5'6". i went back to the farm. if they don't want me, i don't want them. i will go there or stay on the farm. but he kept the paper. in early 1943 or something like february or march in that area, they did away with the height requirement and they would take runts or most anybody else that were looking for people. he looked me up. i lived about seven miles out of town. he looked me up and asked me if i wanted to go to the marine corps and i did. even at that time they were coming into the marine corps so rapidly from the east coast that paris island could not handle everybody that wanted to be in the marine corps. they had to set up temporary systems down at paris island, but they couldn't find enough instructors to handle everybody and -- >> when was this? >> 1942, 43. the tent citie

here a marine tank is hit and put out of action.rect fire to pick up the crewmen, both vehicles are screened by smoke grenades. retiring safely, the rescue tank evades fire. but also forces the tank salvage vehicle to withdraw. while the enemy has used its small strength in the north to good advantage, its main effort against the marines has been in the nature of a delaying action. the 1st and 6th marine divisions are committed to mopping up action behind their own steamroller drive. a drive which after little more than three weeks of hard fighting successfully secures more than two-thirds of okinawa. to the south, the army has run up against a stonewall. some elements are relieved for a rest and replaced by marine corps units. the 1st and 6th marine divisions, having completed their mission in the northern effort, are brought in against another japanese strong point. with the bulk of the enemy forces compressed into the lower third of the island, army and marine will concentrate on breaking the defense line into pockets. japanese r

he knew he would thrive in the marines, and he did. he planned on coming back home to anchorage to work as a paramedic with the fire department. grant and i briefly overlapped in the marine corps unit we both served in in alaska, fourth reconnaissance battalion, which was later deployed to iraq in 2005. on august 3, 2005, in anbar province, iraq, grant was on a mission, operation quick strike, to avenge the killing of his fellow marines that had happened just a few days earlier. he was riding in an amtrak vehicle on an attack into the city. they hit a massive improvised explosive device and was 22 years old when he made the ultimate sacrifice for our nation. now, i love our military, but let's face it -- sometimes it can be bureaucratic and boneheaded. it took 11 years and the tenacious work on the part of grant's amazing mother, sharon, to finally get her son an appropriate burial across the street at arlington. just two days before the funeral, i was sitting next to general joe dunford, the marine corps chairman of the joint chiefs o

david: ok, so you are in the marine corps.you rise up, one of your assignments is to go into iraq after the invasion in 2003. so you were in combat. did you expect that you would survive? it was fairly dangerous. gen. kelly: well, it is dangerous. there's a lot of shooting and bombs and whatnot. but we are marines. you take that on as a possibility. when we were designing the campaign plan, one of the things we did was to, you know, understand the iraqi army was nothing close to us. but we designed a strategy that would minimize the amount of damage to the country and the amount of death to the iraqi army. we went there and our mindset was that we were not there to conquer them but to liberate them. so we didn't want to kill a lot of them. i mean the army. obviously, you always try not to kill the innocent. david: you thought it would have been over in one or two weeks, and people would be cheering you? gen. kelly: well, they were cheering us, almost everywhere we went, they came out in huge numbers. but the attack part of it

i said i am not a hollywood marine. i have got all the training and i know that if i need a rifle, all i have to do is bend down and pick one up. he's good all right, but stay the hell out of my way. i made sure the guys got on the regular boats. they gave me one to run around in and do that. i had a navy guy driving it of course. i came to the boat jim crowe was on. i got myself hauled up on that. so i found a place to live and found out where he was and i also later on found out what to get into. because i wanted to be with him. so the time came and i watched him go over the side. i followed them right on down. he got up on the hatch of the lcvp, one side, i got on the other side and sat alongside of him. he looked at me and grinned. so i was in. we were not supposed to go in on the first wave because he as the battalion commander would have ample boatloads of marines to come in after the first landings had been successful. he also had his assistant battalion commander ashore with the men. he knew that they would be w

today, you begin leading your fellow sailors and marines. today, you become stewards of our military's most precious resource, our people. in time come each of you will develop your own distinct leadership styles. one attribute i expect all of you to share is this. the imperative of possessing a strong and ethical character. as leaders, your people will be watching you constantly. there's not enough to merely comply with standards of behavior. you must also set an example of ethical behavior by doing what is right without hesitation. by never abusing your position or authority. by upholding at all times the navy and marine corps values of honor, courage, and commitment. your educationat and training have prepared you to be competent leaders. if you got your abilities are find yourself falling short, you will have officers, mentors, and peers to turn to for help. if you make mistakes and performance, when from them and recognize that they are a natural part of your development as officers and leaders. don't make too many of them. however, wit

and the marine amphibious core from arrived to support them. from naha, the enemy defense line remains unbroken like a stone wall to the east coast. along this line, marine troops face the concentrated fire of japanese artillery which has been the most effective yet encounters in any pacific operation. here our armored units must go over terrained a ve advantageoue japanese. the cliff side and placement and observation points command most of the negotiable terrain. it must be overcome point by point. >>> our artillery delivers heavy fire on the enemy's defense line. the garsen village is too heavily fortified for frontal assault. >> seasonal rains persisting for weeks force curtailment of artillery action due to the difficulty in ammunition supply. virtually all vehicle transport is bogged down by roads two to three feet deep in mud. as the rain continues, many organizations manage to maintain at least a minimum of supply by man handling small units of food, ammunition and parts up to the forward area. >>> the mud and rain have slowed but not h

in the marine corps. pretty much for the rest of the services as well because the other cameras are just too big and unwieldy. poundun around with a 14 in-your-face, with the lenses, two or three sticking out, that was a heavy load. though i feeleven like i am strong enough, i could not pick one up. i have a 16 millimeter over here which is a duplicate of what the camera looked like, and even that is too heavy for me. [laughter] time they used to say, marches on. it does things to you. >> you guys leave new zealand with a second division. -- the second division. norman: they told us before going that we were going to make a landing. the new that much. -- they knew that much. the battalion commanders had much more information. so when they got aboard ship, they could tell the people what the landing was going to be like and so forth and so on. were knew which battalions going to be first landers. i wanted the guys to be with them. wereple of weeks before we , i sent my guys out to the battalions so they th

but objects for the marines to. shows up at my work she's a mentally ill. of the new female talked about how. they're having facts so. that . i mean i did it got progressively worse and worse they determined that i welcome the sexual harassment by wearing my regulation length uniform skirt and running and running shorts. there were several junior female marines that came up to me crying while i was there saying that they felt humiliated to come to work. the. one of the duties at marine barracks washington was a ceremonial drill. evening parades are what you would see on the news the. president everybody goes to those type of things. after the parades. all the officers are required to stay told. during consider house washington so we're talking about ones the happy hours that started 3 and. it was partying and drinking culture. going out partying and drinking i was ordered to drink i was ordered to attend the drinking. my boss even said. they were mandatory to me she's like we do our best work at these events we went

are very one unit actually one of the things that i like the marines. but in the army. there is a more egalitarian quality to it. but what i did see in the marine corps was a lot of hazing and that hyper masculine motor which was always part of marines really became exacerbated in combat zones and there are suicides in combat zones but oftentimes those. suicides are people who are. being hazed by the unit or because they're overweight or they're different or whatever reason and they go in a port a potty and take the barrel long barreled weapon and they're trying to blow their brains right i want to talk about that hyper masculine culture because that's also . a contributor i think to the psychological distress that veterans have to cope with. it is it is you know it is pronounced itself in other ways you know when you're a crew from the marine corps and the same thing for the army infantry whereas. other aspects of the military stress college to wishin stress gaining job skills you know education and seeing the world you know what have you when it comes

marin, san francisco and san mateo counties starting tomorrow. contra costa and alameda expected later this week. santa clara county doesn't plan to yet. and another the popular eatery in the bay area is closing. tuesday, the last day for specialty's cafe. roz plater has more. >> reporter: it's a fixture here in the financial district but it was largely dependant on the foot traffic. the office caters that are a big of the business. it has been around for 33 years. it's headquartered in pleasanton. it has more than 50 locations in the bay area and seattle and chicago. they serve breakfast and lunch and are best known for the sandwiches and freshly baked cookies. on its website, it posted a message saying current market conditioning attributed to covid-19 and shelterer in place policies have decimated revenues. it may not the be the last time we hear this sad news about closing. the california restaurant association is predicting, warning as many as 30% omp the restaurants around the state could shut down. >> roz, that very much. >>> we will go ou

in order to encourage its struggling merchant marines, congress established the marine hospital serviceen. the first marine hospital in boston, which was the first general hospital in that city, furnished care for sailors from the brigades of the war of 1812. today there are 25 modern hospitals in the service located within the united states. these hospitals have an aggregate bed capacity of approximately 6000 and give treatment to about 300,000 persons annually while almost as many more apply each year for other services, including physical examinations. new marine hospitals have been built in baltimore, cleveland, detroit, galveston, memphis, new orleans, san francisco, and seattle. the marine hospital in stapleton, new york, shown here, has been enlarged to a 1000 bed institution. these hospitals are professionally staffed by medical officers both competent and humane, secured by examination and collection. only qualified graduate nurses, professional dietitians, and skilled therapeutic aides are employed. these hospitals have all these specialized services. eye, ear, nose, and throa

north to encourage the marines, congress established the marine hospital service in 1798.on furnished hospital care for sailors from some of the famous areas of the war of 1812. today there are 25 modern hospitals in this service located within the united states. these hospitals have a bed capacity of approximate 6,000 beds and give treatment to about 300,000 persons annually. many more apply for other service, including physical examination. new marine hospitals have recently been built in baltimore, cleveland, detroit and memphis, san francisco and seattle. the marine hospital in new york, which is the one shown here, has been enlarged to make it a 1,000-bed institution. these hospitals are professionally staffed by medical officers secured by examination and selection. only qualified graduate nurses, professional dietitians and skilled aides are employed. these hospitals have all the specialized services eye, ear, kno those and throat, x-ray department, dental department with the most modern equipment, hyd hydro therapy and some have a psychiatric service. dental treatm

german sailors, marines and who guarded these secrets are made captive.ders of this curious organization which had served as a surrendering authority for defeated germany are put under arrest. in this castle at bloomsburg, the general lies dead beneath a picture. he participated in germany's unconditional surrender. arrested, he took poison. alfred total chief of staff leaves the headquarters for internment he signed the german surrender to eisenhower in wrath. the gun placements never saw action. now the pure of the beaten third reich comes out under arrest. with utile he walks through a tunnel in the planes for compound to imprisonment. the commander of germany's unrestricted submarine warfare. with the arrest of your little -- utile, the third reich is ended forever. in this city is the body of the most hated man in europe, heinrich himmler, chief of the secret police. captured while posing as a civilian, he was carrying tiny vials of poison. he bit into one concealed under his tongue. met in violent death his proper end. ♪ this is belson, notorious ge

your service in the marine corps? norman: the fact that i never gave up the marines. in other words, i was fortunate in the fact that i was here in washington, d.c., where everything was going on, and my first station here was in washington, d.c. home week in like a sense. i have fortunately known almost all of the common dance of the commandants of the marine corps through various and sundry events i have been on. commandant,eputy the director of public affairs. i think the marine corps has never left me. like it might have if i got up oshkosh for example, got a job and settled down. i would still have had the feeling for it but there wouldn't be anything around me to cause me to do much. living in i am still , still at themind marine barracks. but ily kind of silly, think probably till the end of , the marine corps will never get out of me. interviewer: if he had to do it all over again, would you do it? norman: oh, sure. sure. if i had to do it all over again , the marine corps being a small outfit, you have an opportunity, when i say small outfit i mean smaller th

it was my father who sin spiinse to join the marine corp.rrently serving and those whose boot steps we follow, thank you. ♪ oh say can you see by the dawn's early light ♪ ♪ what so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming ♪ ♪ whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight ♪ ♪ or the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming ♪ ♪ and the rockets red glare ♪ the bombs bursting in air ♪ gave proof through the night that our flag was still there ♪ ♪ oh say does that star spangled banner yet wave ♪ ♪ for the land of the free and the home of the brave ♪ >> thank you for joining us. even though we're apart for now, we're never alone. the greatest generation showed the world that no matter the sacrifice required, americans will face any challenge with grit, ingenuity and the can-do attitu attitude. americans first responders and health care have showed that spirit is alive and well. >> announcer: this is american history tv on c-span3 where each weekend we feature 48 hours of programs exploring our nation's past. ♪ ♪ >

that was the spirit of that 18 year old marine.why we are here we are today. >> black pilots, mechanics that support people when our country declared war against hitler, came forward and dispelled the biases and generalizations that because of the color of our skin we could not support our country and technical areas. the task was to keep the air clear of german fighters that were destroying our environment. we thought we had enough guns on the be 17's and be 20 force but it was not so. we also destroyed a lot of the germans war making on the ground. >> i am the proud daughter of colonel lawrence eat roberts. he was the member of the tuskegee airmen. i have an immense appreciation for the special brought that broadcast to honor our world war ii veterans for the sacrifices that led a peace for our great nation and for our allies all around the world. thank you and bless you. >> may 8th, 1945 will forever be known as v-e day a victory in europe day. it is the day world war ii and european theater operations officially ended. by the m

he was the sergeant so he was a marine and said i'm going to join the marine corps. i never told my mother that i just went out and did it and i came in one day and she was sitting across the table from me i said mom, i'm going to tell you something, i joined the marine corps yesterday. she looked at me and her mouth flew open and i call the disillusion scream. i never expected that reaction from her until i got a little older and i thought about it that she was thinking of her brother who was wounded numerous times and missing an action. she relived that for me through her brother and i got hurt in boot camp and i pinched a nerve in my arm and i was paralyzed in my left arm and i was devastated because i'm left-handed and i'm an artist. i thought i will never sell another painting again. they put me back to the basement and they put me in a catchers truck and a wire cage in the back and put my see bag in there and sitting on my seat bag and it's raining and i'm soaking wet and cars are passing me and i was so depressed and i had my oils and i opened up that bag i pu

at 8:30 that morning, the marines and army went in.c) [explosions] >> 100,000 yanks rattling the lock on japan's front door. they were plowing sacred soil with american boots and tanks. (music) >> the first seven days was baffling, quiet, as marines moved forward, looking for an enemy that had vanished. on the 1400 ships supporting the invasion, men waited at their battle stations, and waited. we knew the blow would come, but how and when? (music) >> then it struck. [explosions] >> they call it kamikaze, meaning the divine tempest. we call them suicide planes, manned by pilots wearing the ceremonial red sash of the kamikaze corp. they specialize in one-way trips. their destination? the deck or hull of any american ship. [explosions] [airplane engine] [gunfire) >> japan's secret weapon was no secret to our gunners or our flyers, who for months had been seeing them. but to now to meet our latest challenge, every plane that could fly, new or old, from the very heart of japan itself. 16-year-olds, still in aviation schools, were given thei

marine combat photographers. this report covers the first 50 days of the invasion.overs the final stages of the battle. ♪

we had a lot of rain and marin county.'s check in with steve paulson because that seems like that's our trend now for a little bit. >> the next couple of days i am very concerned about sunday, monday,

narrator: near naha, capital of okinawa, a marine tank strikes.vehicle is overturned and lies burning with four of the crew trapped inside. one group member thrown clear by the explosion, staggering with shock as marines fight to rescue the men inside. but the flames reached the ammunition. and all hope of rescue is gone. in the same sector flame japanesetanks attack soldiers' ammunition. destruction is total. these actions accompanied the 10th -- one after another, japanese positions are burned down and the japanese have conceded the loss of okinawa. ♪ >> on lectures in history, university of tennessee college of law professor glenn harlan reynolds teaches a class about free speech and legal cases that have impacted the courts' interpretation of this part of the first amendment. the class was taught online due to the coronavirus pandemic. prof. reynolds: hello and welcome to a second episode of

refreshing marine layer is approaching the coast right now. and during the overnight hours, we'll see a little bit of marine layer there. some fog pushing across the bay. locally inland, bringing some measure of relief to locations near the coast and bay. inland communities won't feel much relief until probably tomorrow evening and friday. but that's just the beginning of the good news. there is more good news to report, and i'll have that for you a little bit later. larry and kristen? >> looking forward to that, spencer. >> all right. this afternoon we have a look at the numbers as most of the bay area continues a slower approach to reopening. we're digging into the data to see where the covid-19 cases are and exactly who is testing positive at this point. kut news joining us live now to break us down. liz? >> hey, larry, our data team has been digging into these numbers from the beginning. and as the debate over opening continues, is it too slow, is it too soon, looking into these numbers can give good perspective on why some counties might

german sailors, marines, and soldiers who guarded them are made captive.rs of this curious organization which had served as a surrendering authority for defeated germany are put under arrest. >> ♪ in this castle, the general lies dead beneath a picture. he participated in germany's unconditional surrender. arrested, he took poison. >> ♪ narrator: the chief of staff leaves the enemies headquarters for internment. he signed the german surrender to eisenhower in brussels. the gun placements never saw action. now, the furor of the beaten third reich, the grand admiral himself comes out under arrest. , he walks through a tunnel in the compound to imprisonment. a fanatical nazi, he was the commander of germany's unrestricted submarine warfare. >> ♪ arrests, with their the third reich is ended forever. >> ♪ narrator: in the city lies the body of the most hated man in europe, heinrich himmler, chief of the nazi secret police. captured while posing as a civilian, he was carrying tiny vials of poison. under examination, he bit into one concealed under his tongue. pr