joseph mccarthy, george wallace, ross perot, howard dean, sarah palin, hugo chavez in venezuela, marine le penfrance, someone from hungary, and gyre bolsonaro from brazil? of course, the answer is they have all been described as populists. a quick google search this week for the word populism returned nearly 25 million hits. by the way, this is more than double the number that i got when i did the same google search back in 26. clearly, the term which based in the 1890's is still very much with us today. i will just hold up a few examples from recent american history to illustrate this. obama hones populist message in nevada. biden stokes working class populists. that was from the 2012 campaign. paul ryan, a populist. met romney. really? this might suggest to us the term has been so overused and is meaningless. at the very least, it must be a very malleable term to be applicable to such a broad array of public figures. so what is populism? what does it mean to say someone is a populist or that he or she made a populist appeal to some audience? here is my handy dandy four-pa rt definition. firs