mark mark kass. we'll meet in our went into this thing the job well done by the shuttle's based team we can say to leave but i'll tell you right now she's mean she's good columbia not looking small this here is a bird she good morning columbia welcome day to all of. appreciate that people like that music this morning i was sure astronaut that's on a good breakfast today the astronauts will test on board systems and also review procedures for tomorrow's landing. a test of the flight control system conducted by john young. it's an excellent time. the flight control system operates. columbia's herald surfaces the eleven's body flaps rudder and speed brake. these surfaces are useless in the vacuum of space, but will be essential tomorrow when the shuttle lands. this will require precision maneuverability which aero surfaces provide. payload bay door cycling tests help ensure that latching and closing procedures can also be done before entry tomorrow. as with every mission, many pictures of the earth are taken by the astronauts over 500 on this first shuttle flight. active volcanoes. cloud formations, alluvial. and giant whirlpools over 15 miles in diameter. sand dunes, 1500 feet high, running for hundreds of miles. the high himalayas where mountain peaks reach 24,000 feet. and one of the most remarkable photographs ever taken of the earth an area in iran expose to wind erosion, which has resulted in these breathtaking silt and, sandstone formations that look more like a painting than a desert. after lunch on the second day, the astronauts receive, a phone call from the vice president of, the united states, george bush. how's it going up there? everything rocking long. our ride, jeff, as if performing this well. great. and everybody views it i'm sure just is the forerunner of things to come i think your trip is just going to ignite the and the forward thinking this country so i really just wanted to call up and wish you the very best and i appreciate that life forever the crew also don and check out the ejections suits they will wear during entry young crippen and columbia have passed every test they are ready for the final phase, the mission entry and. april 14, 1981, nasa's dryden flight research center on, the edge of roger's dry lakebed in. a recovery convoy of 24 vehicles and more than 100 personnel are assembling here to power down columbia after. enormous crowds are also beginning to arrive. a string of traffic six miles long waits to enter the base. thousands more are already. close to one half million people will eventually be on hand to see the landing. on board the, astronauts suit up for entry, the ascent and orbital of the mission have gone extremely well now. the final phase must be completed before that begins. columbia have a go for payload bay door closing the doors which have been open a total of 47 hours during the flight must now be closed. be very prompt with giving you then using the rc as thrusters, columbia will maneuver into deorbit burn attitude head down and backwards via the ohms engines. one last time and descend the earth's atmosphere as he does it. john, we're all riding with you. columbia is of contact during the oms burn mission control. will not know if this burn was successful until they in communication with the spacecraft over australia it is now over the indian ocean on the other side of the world. but from that distance the must be precise so that later columbia will hit the lake bed target in california columbia is houston through jago city. we're standing by. five of our five volunteers and all our columbia is now committed to entry with an rc as post-birth burn maneuver and several firings. it is oriented to a heads up nose first attitude headed toward entry interface. this is where the atmosphere begins at approximately 400,000 feet and we copy from that moment until the shuttle reaches. 165,000 feet, it will be in communication blackout out of touch with mission control for almost 20 minutes. the landing site is almost 4400 miles from entry interface chase are preparing to take off. one will call out altitudes and check columbia for any damage just prior to landing when shuttle touches down here, it be traveling at 216 miles per hour. right now it's going more 17,000 miles per hour before it lands. it must slow down, lose energy, and it must survive the heat caused by traveling through the atmosphere at such a high rate of speed. several est or role reversals are used to slow down and maneuver columbia through the atmosphere. this one is done at 256,000 feet when it is traveling at more than 26 times the speed of sound. and. this one is done at 208,000 feet during these two role reversals, entry heating is most severe, with temperatures reaching 2500 degrees. some places the vehicle, the aluminum will melt at 320 degrees. the silicate tiles must insulate the from the tremendous heat. since there is test facility on earth december, the aerodynamic and structural environment columbia is in right only calculations could be used to predict what happen during this phase of the. the predictions and calculations had to be right all columbia's here all houston's air how do you rate that ballhandler on my feet by three an hour and a and and we couldn't agree more john your state vector's good we've got a good record but our goal was for the entry projector velocity and position look good track columbia is heading for home now only 470 miles away. i'm more left out. yes, but. okay, i wish i only wrote and john was showing you rowing. right. looking good star of wish. i am crossing the coast land flat only we show you crossing the coast now i am going the shuttle is sighted at about 100,000 feet with a long range camera from anderson peak, california. what a way. go on. the california firefighter. i still a classic right on an island. roger that of 112. okay. 4.8 mark friend and row. we see the last 21 degrees a real reversal done over bakersfield, california. oh, that's beautiful. it turns out that alex roger kimball roger kimball and we're seeing 1.3 gs coming around behind just. the astronauts are making the final turn to line up with the runway. runway. columbia, you're really looking good, right on the money. right on the money. and turn it on the final. your winds on the surface are come back out and you're right on the glide slope. columbia after time. we love real good over to the franklin roosevelt river chase reports no tail. other damage is evident underneath. the shuttle columbia's is now just over 5000 feet. pretty clear. without power columbia must land. it cannot make another attempt. that's time. i'm. put out. of piece for 40, 30,. 47. i for. three approve one down here since. i've. four three touchdown was stellar. and to me a vulnerable welcome home columbia beautiful beautiful. try to take it up the hammer go we're going to dust

mark mark kass. we'll meet in our went into this thing the job well done by the shuttle's based team we can say to leave but i'll tell you right now she's mean she's good columbia not looking small this here is a bird she good morning columbia welcome day to all of. appreciate that people like that music this morning i was sure astronaut that's on a good breakfast today the astronauts will test on board systems and also review procedures for tomorrow's landing. a test of the flight control system conducted by john young. it's an excellent time. the flight control system operates. columbia's herald surfaces the eleven's body flaps rudder and speed brake. these surfaces are useless in the vacuum of space, but will be essential tomorrow when the shuttle lands. this will require precision maneuverability which aero surfaces provide. payload bay door cycling tests help ensure that latching and closing procedures can also be done before entry tomorrow. as with every mission, many pictures of the earth are taken by the astronauts over 500 on this first shuttle flight. active volcanoes. cloud formations, alluvial. and giant whirlpools over 15 miles in diameter. sand dunes, 1500 feet high, running for hundreds of miles. the high himalayas where mountain peaks reach 24,000 feet. and one of the most remarkable photographs ever taken of the earth an area in iran expose to wind erosion, which has resulted in these breathtaking silt and, sandstone formations that look more like a painting than a desert. after lunch on the second day, the astronauts receive, a phone call from the vice president of, the united states, george bush. how's it going up there? everything rocking long. our ride, jeff, as if performing this well. great. and everybody views it i'm sure just is the forerunner of things to come i think your trip is just going to ignite the and the forward thinking this country so i really just wanted to call up and wish you the very best and i appreciate that life forever the crew also don and check out the ejections suits they will wear during entry young crippen and columbia have passed every test they are ready for the final phase, the mission entry and. april 14, 1981, nasa's dryden flight research center on, the edge of roger's dry lakebed in. a recovery convoy of 24 vehicles and more than 100 personnel are assembling here to power down columbia after. enormous crowds are also beginning to arrive. a string of traffic six miles long waits to enter the base. thousands more are already. close to one half million people will eventually be on hand to see the landing. on board the, astronauts suit up for entry, the ascent and orbital of the mission have gone extremely well now. the final phase must be completed before that begins. columbia have a go for payload bay door closing the doors which have been open a total of 47 hours during the flight must now be closed. be very prompt with giving you then using the rc as thrusters, columbia will maneuver into deorbit burn attitude head down and backwards via the ohms engines. one last time and descend the earth's atmosphere as he does it. john, we're all riding with you. columbia is of contact during the oms burn mission control. will not know if this burn was successful until they in communication with the spacecraft over australia it is now over the indian ocean on the other side of the world. but from that distance the must be precise so that later columbia will hit the lake bed target in california columbia is houston through jago city. we're standing by. five of our five volunteers and all our columbia is now committed to entry with an rc as post-birth burn maneuver and several firings. it is oriented to a heads up nose first attitude headed toward entry interface. this is where the atmosphere begins at approximately 400,000 feet and we copy from that moment until the shuttle reaches. 165,000 feet, it will be in communication blackout out of touch with mission control for almost 20 minutes. the landing site is almost 4400 miles from entry interface chase are preparing to take off. one will call out altitudes and check columbia for any damage just prior to landing when shuttle touches down here, it be traveling at 216 miles per hour. right now it's going more 17,000 miles per hour before it lands. it must slow down, lose energy, and it must survive the heat caused by traveling through the atmosphere at such a high rate of speed. several est or role reversals are used to slow down and maneuver columbia through the atmosphere. this one is done at 256,000 feet when it is traveling at more than 26 times the speed of sound. and. this one is done at 208,000 feet during these two role reversals, entry heating is most severe, with temperatures reaching 2500 degrees. some places the vehicle, the aluminum will melt at 320 degrees. the silicate tiles must insulate the from the tremendous heat. since there is test facility on earth december, the aerodynamic and structural environment columbia is in right only calculations could be used to predict what happen during this phase of the. the predictions and calculations had to be right all columbia's here all houston's air how do you rate that ballhandler on my feet by three an hour and a and and we couldn't agree more john your state vector's good we've got a good record but our goal was for the entry projector velocity and position look good track columbia is heading for home now only 470 miles away. i'm more left out. yes, but. okay, i wish i only wrote and john was showing you rowing. right. looking good star of wish. i am crossing the coast land flat only we show you crossing the coast now i am going the shuttle is sighted at about 100,000 feet with a long range camera from anderson peak, california. what a way. go on. the california firefighter. i still a classic right on an island. roger that of 112. okay. 4.8 mark friend and row. we see the last 21 degrees a real reversal done over bakersfield, california. oh, that's beautiful. it turns out that alex roger kimball roger kimball and we're seeing 1.3 gs coming around behind just. the astronauts are making the final turn to line up with the runway. runway. columbia, you're really looking good, right on the money. right on the money. and turn it on the final. your winds on the surface are come back out and you're right on the glide slope. columbia after time. we love real good over to the franklin roosevelt river chase reports no tail. other damage is evident underneath. the shuttle columbia's is now just over 5000 feet. pretty clear. without power columbia must land. it cannot make another attempt. that's time. i'm. put out. of piece for 40, 30,. 47. i for. three approve one down here since. i've. four three touchdown was stellar. and to me a vulnerable welcome home columbia beautiful beautiful. try to take it up the hammer go we're going to dust

mark kass bill, who was our director of operations, dan kane, who was our officer. mark valentine who was our scheduler. david mcnulty who was our intelligence officer. phil thompson. who was our supervisor of flying. they were all coordinating and doing what they could off of what we knew when we go to war, to try improvise for something that we had never been trained for. there were no tactics, techniques, no air tasking order. they were making it all happen. i could i will go into some detail later on, but absolutely want to make time for the other individuals to be able to tell their stories. what story would you like to tell them impacted you the most? well, i i'm a civilian. i was working i was training day. i traded eurodollars in, you european currencies. i love the fast pace. i'm a canadian. and so working the world trade center and iconic building and new york city was unbelievable. i got seriously blindsided that day. i was trapped above the zone as i was leaving our trading room. the second plane hit its i was on the 84th floor. it hit from the 78 to the 85th