. >> martin appel from the council of scientific society presidents. the world is making rapid change. the united states is changing what caused you to use the word work, what the workforce is throughout the digital instrumentation in the economy and so forth. are we using the right measures to talk about that productivity, talking about growth when in fact it may be 40% of our people are free agent working at home and creating economic value, but not following the models and the policy we've been using for so long? >> there is clearly been a lot of change not just technology, but as you say modes of business organization. whether or not that is all measured accurately is a question that probably won't be resolved quickly. in the 1990s we haven't seen at the time the full benefit from technology, even though we knew it had to be there. except with the lag. i think that whatever the measure is, we know that the things we can do as policymakers to promote more innovation, to promote research and development, to promote more training to build infrastructu