professor marybeth gasman from university of pennsylvania. so who should go first? >> i will. spent and your timing? thank you. thank you again to the civil rights project and all the other sponsors. it's wonderful to be in this auditorium. and thank you to my co-authors, toby and dominique. let me start with our main message of the paper which is this, college completion is not just a post secondary issue. the data we use out of the state administrative base in texas attack students from chemical all the way through graduate school down to the workforce in between. what we find is that what contributed to the gap in college completion by race actually much of that happens before the student ever enrolls in college. to problems or two issues framed a texas college success, or lack

my question is for marybeth gasman. thank you, first of all -- the question that i have for you though is when it comes to conversation about msis, i used to differentiate between hbcus predominate like institutions, so someone else order talked about hbcus. predominate like institutions, i just as not the same as hbcu, are they being left out when you're giving specifics about black students at hbcus? they should or they should not be included? this is more of a clarifying question. thank you. >> historically black threats of a completely different entities and predominate black institution. if you're doing research on historical black colleges and universities, or hbcus, which are institutions created with the express purpose of educating african-americans prior to 1965, right? so that research typically is not going to include pbi's invention include them. with our center we do come we do pay attention to pbi's but if her research is on hbcus, like we have a big s.t.e.m. project sponsored by the helmsley trust. that'