. >> reporter: it was the maschar in 1960 that led leaders away from their policy of non- violence resistance. 69 people were shot dead. at the time nelson mandela was tried with 150 others for treason. he was acquitted in 1961 and went into hiding where he gave a rare interview laying down a new plan. >> there are many people who feel it is useless for us to continue talking peace and non- violence against the government. i think the time has come for us to consider in the light of our experiences whether the methods which we have applied are adequate. >> reporter: in 1968 nelson mandela married. now his voice outside prison. by then he was arrested, tried and sent to prison. she wantsshe -- he waits for his released. she is not allowed to be alone with him. >> by 1985 there was a movement world wide to withdrawal vestments in companies doing business in south africa. among them was university of california at berkeley. they would join the call for change. here are two reports. >> reporter: the longshoreman, 400 of them, international president says the students' effort to put pressure on uc