joining us is matthew henman, head at terrorism an analysis at ihs. much of a threat is islamist extremists to asia? matthew: there has been a long history of insurgency in southeast asia. that threat has seem to diminish over the past few years with extremist organizations and places like indonesia, the philippines, malaysia, etc. ir capability has been degraded by the security forces. what we have seen over the past months, there has been a migration from places like indonesia to syria where they joined islamic state and other extremist organizations. what we're likely sing with the attacks in jakarta is the return of fighters from syria to link up with existing domestic extremist organizations like the m.i.t. to structure them and prepared to carry out these kinds of attacks, which present a qualitative increase from the kind of attacks we have been seeing lately in indonesia over the past sifive years. francine: are any countries immune to this? matthew: it's very hard to say. has been such a spectrum of fighters traveling from all around the world