today it is still owned by an individual, mattie marin -- maroon. isoss the ambassador bridge nearly 10,000 cars a day. the main transports for semi trucks, leaving america and going through michigan, we see everything on those trucks from gerber baby food through serial --e through michigan anything and everything that has to be traded. the two biggest international trading partners in the world. in 1929, when the detroit windsor bridge opens and again in 1930 when the tunnel opens, they are still engineering's marvel. not only architecturally but through prosperity. being able to bring our cigar manufacturing, bringing in the raw steel, there is also funny parts. when the bridge opened in 1930, it quickly gets the name of the detroit tunnel because it is being smuggled through it. for detroit, it is not only a theseut we have to have methods of transport or we would fairy --going close to ferries. holding products in detroit for as much as a year and causing freights in the value of products like grains. opening transit countries is monumental to

general petraeus, who was in charge of the army portion of that, while i believe general mattis was in charge of the marine portion of that, formulated a lot of this idea, his ideas, or took a personal interest in that manual, a lot of the discussion that provided the input for that manual, took place in workshops and such that he, general petraeus sponsored, and so it was, it was kind of a picture of, you know, throwing the pass, and then his assignment is, the commander, catching it in iraq. and so i think how i would summarize it is you have a lot of counter-insurgency, as general casey himself would say that he was fighting a counter-insurgency campaign. so you have a lot of counter-insurgency techniques being taught in iraq. but it is not until 2007 where you have kind of a uniform application of those techniques throughout the country, and not in isolated units. so i think the idea, the ideas of counter-insurgency are known, and implemented in some cases. i think after the publication of the manual, you have a more uniform application of it. part of that i think is due to the manual, but part of it i

is most most notable, that how the president relied on a large number of marine generals as national security advisers, jim mattis, joe dunford. now the defense secretary next chairman of the joint chiefs, mark millie and mike pompeo are all from the army. shanahan's last day is friday. shepard? >> shepard: thank you. now patrick shanahan was one that replaced jim mattis. remember, it was november of last year that jim mattis resigned. frankly the reason was a simple one. the president wanted to withdraw troops from syria and afghanistan. jim mattis thought that was a terrible idea and he quit. so incame patrick shanahan. patrick shanahan with not a lot of experience in this sort of thing at all came in and said famously the pentagon will not be known as the department of no. he was largely in lock step with the white house, especially john bolton. mike pompeo, the secretary of state. there were complaints that john bolton would go and talk to his subordinate, going around the chain of command. let's talk about where we've been and where we're going in a very important department especially given the high tension