>> mainly to mauritania, the majority have gone into mauritania and then a sizable population going into niger. >> is usaid assisting in those camps? >> we are put primarily through p.r.m. >> that stands for? >> state department population refugee and migration bureau. >> more acronyms than anybody heard. >> the short answer is yes, the needs are beinged me. >> -- being met. >> and the goal is to have elections by april, is that right? >> by april or as soon as technically feasible. >> i just ask this question and get you to just opine on it, it's not a specific question. if you have a 20-year successful democracy in west africa, which mali was, then you have a coup, thins leading up to that coup had to take place to create a degree of instability and those things are probably still present to a certain extent and need to be overcome for an election. do you know what led to the deterioration of the democracy that caused the coup? >> the approximate cause of the -- the proximate cause of the coup was the series of military defeats that occurred in the north. these were military defeats at

more than 200,000 malians have fled to mauritania and -- algeria also populations of refugees.rt to mitigate the effects of a complex humanitarian crisis, we are providing humanitarian food, assistance to those displaced in the region. in 2012, the united states government provided some $445 billion in assistance to the sawtelle region. $119 million of which was in support of emergency use within mali and among refugee populations outside of mali. the humanitarian response should remain a civilian-led effort in order to ensure neutral and impartial character to the humanitarian operations. we have encouraged greater international cooperation in coordination in developing a comprehensive approach to mali's multiple crises. the u.n. secretary-general secretary-general's recent appointment of a special envoy will provide the needed facilitation and coordination. we will discuss the drafting of the secretary general's integrated strategy at a meeting in rome this friday. it is important that the next u.n. security council resolution be based in part on the u.n. secretary-general's

>> mainly to mauritania, the majority have gone into mauritania and then a sizable population going into niger. >> is usaid assisting in those camps? >> we are put primarily through p.r.m. >> that stands for? >> state department population refugee and migration bureau. >> more acronyms than anybody heard. >> the short answer is yes, the needs are beinged me. >> -- being met. >> and the goal is to have elections by april, is that right? >> by april or as soon as technically feasible. >> i just ask this question and get you to just opine on it, it's not a specific question. if you have a 20-year successful democracy in west africa, which mali was, then you have a coup, thins leading up to that coup had to take place to create a degree of instability and those things are probably still present to a certain extent and need to be overcome for an election. do you know what led to the deterioration of the democracy that caused the coup? >> the approximate cause of the -- the proximate cause of the coup was the series of military defeats that occurred in the north. these were military defeats at

they went to somalia and mauritania, and later on, some of them are just making them up, and a eventually they went to the religious movement in algeria and eventually became al qaeda. this is now an revolution, which reflects this. so there you have the volatile cocktail of politics and religion. because the motivation of the foot soldiers is to create an islamic state in nigeria. it is something that they dream of. there are videos. and a lot of rhetoric and fun yes, we want an islamic state. yes, one of their leaders went so far when the government was -- when political leaders were opposing amnesty and so forth, until we are willing to sit down and negotiate with him. we don't know what you want, and i said, don't be stupid, we know very well where their motivation is. that is the reason for the devastation of the north today. the country in which years of independence, certain sections of the country consider non-muslims, whether christians or non-muslims -- they consider them disposable material. an interesting thing happened. some of these were sent out and then came back holier th

to somalia to mauritania and mitterrand sent to afghanistan. until eventually the religious movement in nigeria became allied to al qaeda. this note is an admission which the government has been reluctant to make, but reflects actuarially. so there you have a volatile cocktail of politics and religion because the weapon, the motivation of the soldiers is to create an islamic state in nigeria. it's not something anybody troon says. it's the cds crossing each other and centrists we want an islamic state. in fact, one of the leaders went so far when the government's political leaders were proposing amnesty and so on. the secretion into that convert everyone to sit down and negotiate with him. and so each time you hit the government said please come talk to us, we will listen now. you said it so often and they know very well what the motivation is. that is the reason for the devastation of the north today, a kind show in which after years of independent, certain sections of the country considered the rest non-muslims, whether they're christian, wha

they sent us on alpha training to somalia, to somalia, to mauritania, later on some of them even to afghanistan -- all of these facts will be coming in. not just making them up -- until eventually the religious movement in northern nigeria became allied to al qaeda. this now is an admission which the government has been very reluctant to make but which reflects the actual reality. so there you have the full -- politics and religion because the weapon, the motivation of the foot soldiers, is to create an islamic state in nigeria. it's not something that anybody dreams of. there are videos, the usual two rifles crossing each other, and we want an islamic state. in fact, one of their leaders went so far, when the government was -- political leaders were proposing amnesty and talk, no, going to talk to the president as a christian, until he converts. then we're willing to sit down and negotiate with him. and so each time i hear the government say, oh, please come on, talk to us, we'll listen now. we don't know what you want. i said, don't be stupid. they said it so often and you know very well what