wallowing the mcgovern fraser commission, the needs was shifted to voters. we see very rapidly primaries and caucuses start to matter where individual voters can candidates in that culminates at the national convention. starting at the democratic hardy, they made numerous reforms to the process and tinkered with it all most every lateion cycle up until the 1980s. the democratic party had no fewer than eight reform commission starting in 1868. meanwhile, the republican party was very hands off in the process and did not become active and reforming the nomination process. one of the most recent activities is the creation of the temporary delegate selection committee in 2008. the most recent nomination process. the broader agenda look up the rules put in place by the national parties and effects of the rules. look back ate a the party and look at why republicans became involved after being so uninvolved for such a long time and what the consequences were in the most recent nomination. there are four main reasons the republican party has been less involved in th

with very little fanfare, yet ended up making many of the same changes that mcgovern fraser commission did. it did not go quite as far, but did open up the process significantly. and one reason is because -- that they were able to successful is there is this faction in the republican party, goldwater being the primitive or early example that basically says the establishment is against us and therefore the war we can open up the process to ordinary voters, the more we will succeed. the second thing is, i disagree with your comment that the 2012 reforms in work. it actually did significantly frontload the process. in the following sense that the process for the republicans in 2012 begins with eight weeks in which there is only a single word to primaries. -- single or two primaries. the classic example, the kind of thing it allows, newt gingrich unexpectedly wins south carolina primary and for a couple of days is in the lead nationally in all the polls. romney is able to come back because the next primary is in for another like 10 days or something like that. it is interesting to note tha