in terms of henry mcneil turner, i love bishop turner.was one of the tyumen to really defended her in very critical periods of her career and of course her-- he was also an immigration test. he was a bishop, methodist bishop and believe that blacks should go, need to go back to africa as well. and the radical and also believed as you mentioned, taking up arms. this is quite a radical position at the time, as you can imagine. but, blacks, wells had fought by the late 19th centuries certainly, that there was no reason not to defend oneself. she herself thought a pistol after writing the first into lynching editorials. she said i am going to take someone with me. it was interesting of course she is also this victorian, so all this tension and the contrast makes for a wonderful character. she famously says, and i will end with this, she famously says in her discourse around anti-lynching, she says first of all civil disobedience, the south reconstruction depends on black labor and northern capital. if we can, if we can stop any of it, if we c