so justice mcreynolds served on the court with grandfather and he did not treat him politely, nor did he treat politely justice cardozo when he was appointed to the court, and he served for a couple of years before a transfer and showed anti semitism. >> how did your grandfather deal with that? >> i think he just -- in terms of justice mcreynolds, i think he just first -- went forth and did his work. with his resignation, as was customary, the chief justice wrote a letter to the retired justice to praise him and indicate how much the court would miss him. and after chief justice hughes drafted this letter, the senior justice declined to sign the letter. the other justices in the design of the letter -- immediately signed the letter, sent off to grandfather as an indication of how justice mcreynolds stood by my grandfather, but he did not need the signature. he wanted to stand by others indicating respect and affection for my grandfather. >> did he understand the path that he was pleasing, the precedent that he was setting? >> as a justice, again, he was very conscious of his jewish he

>> i think he just -- in terms of justice mcreynolds, i think he just went forth and did his work. with his resignation, as was customary, the chief justice wrote a letter to the retired justice to praise him and indicate how much the court would miss him. and after chief justice hughes drafted this letter, the senior justice declined to sign the letter. the other justices immediately signed the letter, sent off to grandfather as an indication of how justice mcreynolds stood by my grandfather, but he did not need the signature. he wanted to stand by others indicating respect and affection for my grandfather. >> did he understand the path that he was blazing, the precedent that he was setting? >> as a justice, again, he was very conscious of his jewish heritage. and in a quiet way, he was very proud of it. he certainly was one of the first jewish justices. that was not central during the nomination battle. it was a very long battle in 1916. today, it is commonplace, but in those days, you would go for many years without an argument about the nomination of the justice. so there was s