gnp does not measure economic welfare, but it is certainly worth measuring in its own right.ur hats are off to the scholars who made such measurements possible. the gnp began developing over 50 years ago as economists tried to explain swings of the business cycle. they needed a quantitative measure of how nations grow and income is created. we've seen its development as a planning tool in times of crisis. today, when economists and government officials try to manage the economy, changes in the gross national product tell them how well their decisions are working. i'm david schoumacher for economics usa. captioning is made possible by the annenberg/cpb project captioning performed by the national captioning institute, inc. captions copyright 1986 educational film center annenberg media ♪ annenberg media ♪ august 1914. as europe goes to war, america slides deeper into still another recession, people despair and ask, "why is the economy so unstable?" the business cycle proves capitalism has failed, according to karl marx, but joseph schumpeter sees these cycles as proof of the g

this is the one used to measure carbon dioxide. it's interesting -- the way we measure carbon dioxide is by absorption of infrared energy which is the same principle as the greenhouse effect. so we're using the same property of the gas -- how it affects climate to actually measure it. t, we connect these suitcases that contain flask samples collected by aircraft. come back in the morning and they're all measured. combined, ground samples and aircraft -- up to 100 a day. narrator: from these hundreds of thousands of air samples, noaa has compiled a comprehensive database of climate-changing gas concentrations over a long period of time. their findings are consistent with those first discovered by david keeling. in the 1950s keeling's first measurements showed co2 at the level of 315 parts per million. in 2005, noaa's measurements pegged co2 at 380 parts per million. beyond the steady rise in average co2 concentrations every year noaa's data also showed that these levels fluctuate, mainly due to the capture of carbon dioxide through

and next...measuring your buying behavior. the changing face of advertising. stay with us. allow me to impress you. imagine this, having the ability to measure 400 billion individual retail transactions every year in more than 600- thousand stores. wow. well the company that does that is better know for television ratings. now it's certainly a leader there, but nielsen is also a leader in all kinds of audience and consumer research. it just marked its 90th year in business. cheryl pearson-mcneil is senior vice president of public affairs and government relations for nielsen. why don't you trace the arc from what what era it was that art nielsen himself was first measuring there in 1923. > > arthur c. nielsen founded the company in 1923 in the chicago area, believe it or not, and he actually started with a $45,000 loan. he wanted to measure conveyor belts. > > wow. > > there wasn't a big business in that and so he turned over to the retail outlet and started measuring how items were moving off of the store shelves and the rest, as they say, is history. so we did that in '23,

and the question is where you are measuring this distance is it measured in a straight line or around and about? harvey hacker who does architectural work with the city and i think we agree it's measured in a straight line unless it's in a protected area. >> if we are tight on the measurement we can't measure from the 2 closest jams the center. >> the center. >> even if you miss by 18 inches or a foot. >> you misby 18 inches or a foot. now we come to the section of the code where there are some potential ways to solve problems. if you misby 18 inches we will figure something out. i think we and our new director and our take is let's solve problems like that. not everybody thinks that way, unfortunately. i have to say. it's easier in the government world to say, it's not there so therefore, it's wrong, resubmit it and make it right. i don't like that approach. i like to figure out a way -- may be we can provide an alternative safety measure, another sprinkler head or something. >> as you say if it's a foot and we get turned down at the counter or by the plan checker what would you sugg

you have explained right now all the additional safety measures that companies have been taking since the accident. with a lot of people, are these measures up to the international standards that are prevalent in many parts of the world? >> indeed. actually, about 6-7 months long program, reassessment program, during this procsess we refer nt only to the fukushima experience but also to the employment majors from different countries. will her hewe refer to it. we also asked them to come down to do a stress test according to the european union specifications. we take good does from the other countries -- practice from the other countries. from the stress test results this march, we invite experts to come down for a peer review for each of the stress tests of each plant and review the report. the other two weeks od pf peer review and the conclusion includes the process is consistent with the global centers. also, the re-enhancement program is consistent with global standards and with the specifications. in responding to a question from the press during a press conference on march 15, a

for other policy measures like public policy buildings and education. and these have been thoroughly vetted so far in the senate and i think that so far the intention and i believe that the intention and it is bearing itself out, is that the legislature will not deal with this in a final capacity until some time in early 2014. and the amendments in two, sea four that are referenced were recommended by the senate transportation committee to both se48 and eight. and one says that you an entity that is using the 55 percent threshold for transportation would have to dedicate up to 55 percent or 50 percent of the revenues generated by that news sales tax for sustain able community strategy projects. and the other amendment that was taken, reflects the legislature's concern with self-help county adding, invin torrey and the state not having the funds to rehab and maintain the system. it will require that the project, in addition to having the capitol funding for the improvement will also have to provide the main nens over time for the addition to the inventor

so this is another planning issue of you measure from the inside or do you measure from the outside. >> yes, typically in that case you'd be measuring from the property that is applying. so if it's one we're seeing, we measure from the foot of that curb. if the neighbor came in, it would be a little bit shorter in your example on the other side. if the grade of dirt is a foot up. >> the building code actually has a different definition of how you measure fence. we defer to the planning department for that in most cases. here is a fence we always see around town, slightly wavy, 20-year old fence. need replacement soon, usually made out of redwood -- >> dog ears. >> and there you go. and so, now, this is a corner building. >> it's probably a side yard. >> with the side yard, you could have a fence that was higher than three feet under what circumstances? >> some portions are what is called billable air i can't tellv not subject to either froth set back or rear yard. theoretically in the buildable area which would include most of your side lot line, you can buildup the height limit. >>

measure efficacy. we always do things like i feel hike in the past we've measured things like how many community events did you have. how -- is there a bulletin board that says hello in the hallway. but they all seem sort of superficial and sort of facetious. i'm wondering what kind of measures, how do we measure also when we go from a district of parents dependency on a district and where they are seeking more information and how will we measure that see and there is growth to that. i think we have started actually at a point where we are sort of at a base of we don't, we didn't know how many functioning elac there were and how many parents even know about their opportunities for inner district for how to be involved. i want to give a plug also. i started as a kindergarten parent. i heard that we were having this and i thought, the district is having it and i said, maybe i should i will get the president. i really drank the cool aid on it. i felt like it was a great place to be inspired. i learned fro

a series of measures were announced, and the finance minister. with the rupee falling by 5.4% in five days last week, the indian finance minister said the currency is undervalued and has overshot appropriate levels. he sought to calm investors, saying there was no need for excessive and unwarranted pessimism. after silence for most of the week, he addressed a press conference on a day when the rupee reached a 65 mark against the dollar and said there was no need to panic and that the government will continue to promote investment and growth. >> we believe that the rupee is undervalued and has overshot what is generally believed to be a reasonable and appropriate level. capital inflows will, in due course, correct the position. >> why is the rupee falling yet you demand from importers, mainly oil refiners, and some banks, wade on the rupee. the weeks are record-breaking movements. it registered the decades worst single day fall on heightening fears. >> bringing in the role of policymaking, what measures has india taken to separate them from other

measurable with the seriousness of what has happened. this is pointless to speculate any more on this today. >> so let me, as sergei did, comment on both sides of it, if i may. first of all, there are time lines in here. it's an ambitious goal, and the inspectors must be on the ground no later than november, and the goal is to complete the destruction and removal and/or removal by halfway through next year, 2014. that is a stated goal within this framework. in addition to that, there is -- there are requirements in the framework, which you will see, that automatically take noncompliance and/or some question of deviation from the framework will go to the security council for debate as to what measure might be implemented. there is an agreement between russia and the united states that noncompliance is going to be held accountable within the security council under chapter 7. what remedy is chosen is subject to the debate within the council, which is always true. there's a commitment to impose measures. that's the language. we'll impose mea

figure out to measure both. yet to decide which you want to measure, environmental changes or the welfare of human societies. those can be related, but also can be different. >> one of the things that keeps coming out, obviously you hear a lot of love the simons of the room save present-day. kill the environment, it will be horrendous the economy. in their response to that by the administration and its supporters has been a well, if you look at this sweep of environmental regulations, is that all it can be done? putting more regulations in place. would that have -- hey, yes. that's totally agree with that. what is the response for that crap -- that argument. used over and over again. gone up as we have worked on our internal issues. >> two things are hard. one is -- and the other is that it involves counterfactual or you're trying to figure out what gdp would be if these regulations had not been in place. mild view is that the assertions of the cost of these regulations often are not very well substantiated goin

their plan also includes measures to help low-income residents. they propose a one-time cash benefit of about $100 to $150 per person for total payout of about $3 billion. they call for $4 billion incentive to help home buyers that would provide up to $3,000 in subsidies to people below a certain income level. the plan also includes spending for repairing old tunnels and bridges. the officials also want to help small and medium-size manufacturers invest in their plants. and the officials say better infrastructure is needed in tokyo ahead of the 2020 olympics. the officials hope, extra corporate tax that was imposed after the 2011 disasters to help rebuild affected areas but they have yet to secure support from some members of the ruling parties. the officials are also trying to win approval for future reductions to corporate tax across the board. >>> you can find satellite positioning systems in planes, cars and even phones. they have become an essential tool in many people's lives. but they can be off the mark. there's a new system being develope

and the letter to speaker boehner treasury secretary jack lew explains what extraordinary measures he's utilizing the government securities investment fund or the g. fund is a retirement account for federal employees it contains about forty percent of all thrift savings plans balances there are four point six million civil employees and uniformed service members who have t.s.p. retirement accounts and congress has granted the treasury the statutory authority to suspend reinvestment of all or part of the balance of the g. fund and other words the treasury is borrowing from the retirement accounts of servicemen and women however in that same letter it also states that after the debt limit impasse have ended the g. fund it's made whole congress has the full authority to raise the debt ceiling and they've done so seventy eight times since nine hundred sixty but since two thousand and eleven the issue has become much more politically difficult congress is not obligated to raise the debt ceiling and if they don't with these funds be paid back this is one example of extraordinary measures the

they made measurements there on completions.they asked them for a list of all of the wells they had in the region. they picked which wells they went to visit, showed up and made the measurements. >> so the scientists had control, it's not like a restaurant that might clean up for an inspection. >> that's right. we're talking about a large amount of equipment that has to be on-site and utilized, and you don't move that around easily. and companies wouldn't have had the time to do that. and the companies asserted they gave all of the sites that met ut's criteria to ut to study. >> was this an opportunity to really measure the methane, at so many sites what did you find out that either surprised or didn't surprise you? >> we found the equipment on the well pads were leaking a lot more than we had anticipated. and we were positively surprised that the equipment was so effective, and so those are -- that's -- you know, a mixed bag. we have something that reaffirmed the positive nature of what was happening but the need for additional

together they measure one year of time. researchers can accurately tell in which year each layer of sediment took shape. the oldest formed 70,000 years ago. the 521st layer from the top came into existence 521 years ago or 1492, the year columbus discovered america. the 2,234th layer is from the year 221 b.c., the year in which china's imperial dynasty first originated. they have begun to restore dates of historical events. this is japan's oldest clay object. until recently it was believed to be 16,900 years old. however, using the method of dating, researchers say it is 16, 652 years old. how do they go about determining the age? they measure the leaf matter and then he compares the amount to the level of carbon 14 in earthenware objects. if the amounts are the same, the object and the sediment layer are from the same year. so he is able to determine the age of the clay object. this method is now the most accurate available. >> translator: sediment is well preserved. the resolution of each layer is extremely fine. lake's c

figure out a way to measure.o you want to measure environmental changes or do you want to measure the welfare of human societies? those can be related but also be different. >> host: one of the things that keeps coming coming up and someone has covered these issues very closely in washington is obviously you hear a lot of what the simons of the world say in the present day which is is it going to kill jobs and kill the environment? will it be horrendous for the economy and the response to that by the administration and its supporters has been well, if you look look at the sweep look at this week that the marmot of regulations and all the things we have done with air pollution gdp has steadily gone up even as we have curved air pollution and put more regulations in place. would simon have said hey yeah i believe that. what is your response to that counter argument because that is one that is used over and over again on the hill and testimonies and the administrative that gdp has gone up as we have worked on our en

security measures. including peace keeping operations. >> abe has used the term proactive contributor to peace in the past but this is his debut at the general assembly, making it a global promise for the first time. this is significant especially for the japanese. abe is basically saying japan will aim to particinate more peacekeeping operations around the world. abe is also hinting that he'd like japan's defense force to participate in collective self-defense if need arising. he was referring to the u.n. chart cher er which is like a ns constitution. it states that nothing shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense if an armed attack occurs against a member of the u.n. abe's comments already causing ripples. a chinese foreign ministry spokesman says if japan wants to make contributions to world peace and stability, it should walk the talk and not create tensions. abe also stressed that issues such as female empowerment and protecting women's rights are at the top of japan

the horners took measurements from their side of the fence without asking us and the measurements are wrong, which we can -- i'll answer questions about that if you have them. if they add the legal amount to the fence, but still build their 12 foot deep deck, they would still see into our bedroom. be proposed among three compromises [speaker not understood] in the d-r that they simply set their deck dwelling back five feet giving them a 7 foot by 21-1/2 foot deck. when we stood together on their roof, we stepped back until we could no longer see into our bedroom. a 5 foot setback was the point that blocked that view. their unimpeded views over the city won't change with the setback, but we will maintain bedroom privacy. i want to make very clear that we do not object at all to the horners adding a roof deck off their master bedroom. what we object to is the depth of that deck. i hope that the horners might be satisfied compromising the depths of their deck in order not to destroy the privacy of a sick neighbor. i'll end my plea for compromise with comments about the horners' d-r rebut

it is a measure of last resort. somebody could be held a long time before the government actually honors habeas corpus. 10, 20 years. it is kind of meaningless. the suspension of due process, all of our rights. it is good and bad. >> let's move on to the other avenue. asking the supreme court, what are you hoping to hear in response? >> they don't have to. it is a little bit worries some. the judiciary, all the way to the supreme court has tended to deferred to the executives in this endless war on terror. they do not have to take the case. this is what congress decided. we hope they do take the case. there were two issues we brought forward, the first and fifth amendment, freedom of association and due process. we had written in questions, we won and even the appeals court agreed we raised very tricky questions. the supreme court should take the case. >> many lawsuits against the government spying on americans have been tossed out after courts ruled that could not prove they were spied on. that has changed and we w

so, we can measure, plan and install it for you. yea, let's do that! ikea. professional kitchen services at a low price. [ horn honks ] kevin! toaster strudel, yah? ♪ warm, flaky, gooey toaster strudel. faster than kenny can dodge a question. honey, how'd that test go? [ female announcer ] in just 60 seconds, you've got snack-defying, satisfying mmmm. totino's pizza rolls. mmm hmmm. mmmm. [ female announcer ] zero to pizza. pronto. ♪  ♪ ♪ [ female announcer ] it's time healthy gets a dose of happy. new yoplait greek. bye-bye, stir. so long, sour. hello, happy. it's time to lick the lid again. ♪ ♪ i rely on n the speed and power of claritin-d.asal congestion hit it starts working in just 30 minutes. nothing relieves nasal congestion faster or stronger. to get claritin-d, blow past the shelves and go straight to the pharmacy counter. we lowhat's next?hchen! great! do you have measurements? yeah, i paced it off. it's about twenty by twelve of these. so, we can measure, plan and install it for you. yea, let's do that! ikea. professi

and i'm just, so i am just wondering how do we evaluate, or measure the value, that they get from these, are there reports that come back? how do we know kind of that were that this is a good investment of project resources. >> yeah, so they have been with us for a long time. and these are just extending their contracts, the way that we measure, any contract is based on performance. and have they delivered? and mannet and chamber and conoln were able to help us get the 400 million, through the reeninvestment act and helped us to get the 171 million loan and they bring different expertise to the table and nanatt is more on the working more from the lobbying standpoint, and working with us with the various agents and the various congressional representatives whereas chamber and colon, and hartwell are more technical and they are know all of the federal loan instruments that are out there and how to draft the report and so they write the applications for us and whereas manatt drops the other application and most recently the tiger application and so they know that but manatt is more skille

. >> new security measures in place at the coliseum at the a's are ready for the playoffs. >> the golden gate bridge is businessing for a for -- bracina shutdown. thats for joining us on this thursday. >> we will check the forecast on this thursday morning. here is mike. >> thank you very much. good morning, live doppler 7 hd shows hardly a cloud to be found away from the coast. even there, they are pew and far between. now, the bay, it is cooler this morning. sunshine is at 56 at 7:00. we are already up to 70 degrees at noon so summer warmth is coming our way. we will be around 80 by 4:00 and 66 by 7:00. cooler in the north bay but mostly in the 50's inland. above average and 88 at 4:00, and slightly warm evening in the mid-to-upper 70's and the coast, we go great 48 this morning, to near 70 by 4:00. enjoy. san mateo county shows a crash to talk about southbound 280 before 32 a solo crash with glass debris in the slow lane. bay bridge toll plaza is slow this morning. and the oakland maze, traffic is moving fine there and we will get another check in a little bit. right now we are follow

so, we can measure, plan and install it for you. yea, let's do that! ikea.rofessional kitchen services at a low price. love this kitchen! what's next? great! do you have measurements? yeah, i paced it off. it's about twenty by twelve of these. so, we can measure, plan and install it for you. yea, let's do that! ikea. professional kitchen services at a low price. >> join my tonight at 9:00 on cable 13, we'll tell you what technology here on earth could be a game-change for engineers in space, and then at 11:00, the ultimate adventure. why so many people are shelling out tens of thousands of dollar0s for a one of a kind trip. >> a solid post summer weeken at the box office. one reason, chances of meet -- meatballs. the movie made $5 million more than the original. cloudy 2 earned $35 million. in second place, last week's winner, prisoners. in third, ron howard's rush, made its debut. another new move vue, baggage claim, came in fourth, and number five. primetime. that does it for us at 6:00. . >>> right now chris hems worth, need for speed. >> it's all about -

way to measure both -- first you have to decide do you want to measure environmental changes or do you want to measure the welfare of human societies? and those can be related but also -- >> host: one of the things that keeps coming up and as someone that has covered this very closely is obviously you hear a lot of what the sign in's of the world say in present day is they are going to kill jobs and kill the environment, it's going to be tremendous for the economy and the response to that by the administration and the supporters has been well, if you look at the sweep of the environmental regulation, these are all the things that you have done with air pollution. g.d. he has set a steadily gone up even as we have curbed the air pollution. what simon has said i agree with that what is the response for that counter argument because that is the one that is used over and over again on the hill in the testimony for the supporters that the gdp has gone up as we have worked on our environmental issue. the >> guest: is hard to put words in his mouth but the other is the counterfactual to try t

like yours provide additional support even measures. so . quoting to the un security council competence and we have also agreed that we will expect full compliance of their requirements. suggested by the old w b d convention and these requirements are not met or if somebody uses chemical weapons the un security council will take steps according to chapter seven of the un charter of course this does not mean that every time a violation is reported to the un security council action will be taken automatically we will first have to very fight and review there really because we see a lot of fabrications and lies around the world we have to be very careful and it is only after we have full confidence that there was a violation we as the russian federation would be ready to make can another adopt another security council resolution with defining a response that would become measure it whizzed the violation and they should be no speculation on this point anymore. so let me. as sergey did comment on both sides of it if i may first of all. there are

what would be a better measure? you have to figure on how to first aside the one to measure environmental changes or the welfare of human society? those can be related. >> host: some of the things that keep coming up here in washington is obviously you hear all lot what the simons of the world say in present-day epa regulations will kill jobs, this will be horrendous for the economy and the response by the administration is if you look at all the things he'd done with air pollution, i gdp has steadily gone up even as we curved air pollution. with simon have said i agree with that? what is the response for the counter argument? said is used over and over again that gdp has gone up as we work on our environmental issues. >> guest: simon died 1988 i'd want to put words in his mouth but the other is counterfactual what would gdp be if those regulations were in place? those assertions are not very well substantiated coming back to the 1970's part of that has to do with the point simon made of human adaptability not only

respects voting in measure by 228 votes with two democrats joining them.ocrats voting against it 189 with one republican opposing. house speaker john boehner called it a victory for the american people. >> while we had a victory today for the american people and frankly we also had a victory for common sense. >> yeah! >> senator bacha said it right several months ago when he said this law is a train wreck. and it is a train wreck, and the president said, you know, if we pass this law, health care costs will go down. now we fine out that health care costs are going up for most americans. the president said if you like the health insurance policy that you have, you can keep it. we found out that is not quite accurate either, and in the coming months millions of americans are going to find out it is just not quite true. >> reporter: democrats argue while health care costs continue to go up, they are going up at a much slower rate in part because the affordable care act is beginning to kick in. nancy pelosi did not agree with boehner's characterization. >> wha

[eliza sighs] we measured you before... >> mm-hmm. >> we're gonna measure you again, so you can see, by just putting on a pair of jeans, how many inches you've slimmed down. >> 34-1/2... >> o.k. >> 41. >> o.k., you have slimmed down six inches... >> six... >> husband: whoa... >> six inches, just by putting on a pair of jeans. >> isn't that amazing? >> what do you think about that? >> oh... i'm a little speechless-- it's just amazing to me. >> katie: yeah. >> you know, i was considering a tummy tuck. >> katie: huh, o.k. >> i don't think i need one anymore. >> katie: i don't think you need one either! >> so thank you so much for stopping by and trying these jeans on for us, and i'm so glad you're so happy with kymaro's curve control jeans. >> shopping at the mall is fun if you go with your friends and you're just going to, you know, sort of shop and look around, but when you're serious and you want to buy a pair of jeans and you need something, it's always, you know, a hassle. it's very rare that you get a salesperson that can come and bring you your different sizes and stand at your d

we have a full breakdown on what those extraordinary measures are. >> as congress prepares itself for big debate on the debt ceiling, there is one thing to keep in mind. the u.s. already hit the limit on may 19 of this year. the u.s. treasury is only legally allowed to racked up 16.7 trillion dollars in debt, but the house finagled a way to legally spend another 200 200 $60 billion using what is called extraordinary measures. -- another $260 billion. the g fund is a retirement account for federal employees, with 40% of all thrift savings plan balances. there are 4.6 million employees and uniform service members who have accounts, and congress had granted the treasury the statutory authority to suspend investment of all or part of the balance of that refund. they are borrowing money from the accounts of servicemen and women. it also states that after the debt limit impact has ended, this is made whole. congress has the sole authority to raise the debt ceiling, and they have done so 78 times since 1960, but since 2011, it has become much more difficult. congress is not obligated to rais

now, sudan's president is coming under increasing pressure to cancel austerity measures that doubledl prices overnight. 31 politicians including some from his own party are calling on him to reverse that decision. protests are continue on this street os of the capital for a sixth day. here is a report. >> reporter: the sound of swelling discontent. these crowds call for revolution. the dictator will not rule us they chant. for six days people have bn demonstrated in sudan's capital. and witnesses say the government is responding with force. >> we were surrounded by police and by the army. they shot live rubber bullets. >> reporter: the protests began after the government lifted subsudden is and fuel and cooking gas. overnight, prices nearly doubl doubled. but if the trigger was economic, the momentum appears to be turning political. people are demanding an end to the president's 24-year rule. calling him a killer. dozens of people have died in the crack down, but one in particular has touched a national nerve. he was killed as a march we want by his pharmacy on friday. the 26-year-ol

the full senate is expected to vote on the measure next week. members of the house of representatives have also been weighing the merits of a military strike. u.s. secretary of state john kerry laid out the case to the house foreign affairs committee. >> if we don't take a stand here today, i guarantee you we are more likely to face far greater risks to our security and far greater likelihood of conflict that demands our action in the future. >> kerry also said syrian forces could use chemical weapons again if the u.s. does not act, and that inaction would allow iran to develop nuclear weapons. some house members worry strikes would go on longer than expected. the latest survey by cnn suggests house lawmakers opposed military action outnumbered those who support it. but more than 70% of the representatives are undecided or haven't made their positions clear. >>> the u.s. defense secretary also testified before the house foreign affairs committee on wednesday. he accused russia of supplying syria with chemical weapons. >> there's no secret that t

so, we can measure, plan and install it for you. yea, let's do that! ikea.tchen services at a low price. we lowhat's next?hen! great! do you have measurements? yeah, i paced it off. it's about twenty by twelve of these. so, we can measure, plan and install it for you. yea, let's do that! ikea. professional kitchen services at a low price. >> more now on tonight's breaking news from san francisco where the man arrested for the stabbing death of a dodgers fan is being released from jail. the d.a. decided to release 21-year-old montgomery due to insufficient evidence and the possibility us t that stabbing was done in that montgomery has en processed. however, our crew at the entrance of the jail says there has been no sign of him yet. two people killed in the same place in just 17 hours. the shootings happened in unincorporated north richmond and no one has been arrested at this point. we spoke with family members of both victims about what happened. >> reporter: contra costa sheriff deputies had just cleared the scene of the first homicide in north richmond wh