which will push up costs in medica medicare, of course, but also in medicaid. second source is rising health care costs per person. that has been under way for a number of decades. that has slowed recently and our projections take on board that slowdown. but nonetheless we expect health care costs per person in the federal programs and the economy more generally will continue to rise faster than gdp per person. and the third factor here, of course, is the significant expansion of federal subsidies for health insurance under the affordable care act. in sharp contrast with the growth of spending for those programs, all other mandatory spending which basically refers to other benefit programs, we think will be smaller share of gdp over the next decade. than it has -- than it is now, or has -- was 40 years ago. defense spending is shrinking s relative to the size of the economy, given the caps on defense funding that are in current law. and nondefense discretionary spending. everything else the government does except for making interest payments is also falling as

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