i'd like to thank professor paul quigley for inviting me and i'd also like to thank professor melinda miller for a really stimulating fun chat this afternoon as a prelude to my talk tonight. so i'll share some slides with you and in a moment, but first i want to just share the the introduction of my paper. then just as we started to leave here comes something across that little prairie short enough. we know they as indians the way they is writing and the way they is all strung out. they had a flag and it was all read and had a big criss-cross on it. that looked like a sawhorse. the man carrying it and rear back on it when the wind whip it but it flap all around the horse's head and the horse pitch and rear like he knows something going to happen short. about that time it turned kind of dark and began to rain a little and we get out to the big road and the rain come down hard it rained so hard for a little while that we just have to stop the wagon and set there. and then come along more soldiers than i ever see before. they all white men, i think and they have on that brown clothes dyed with

which melinda miller can tell people all about. there is that consequence for the freed people. the larger consequences that the federal government can use the participation of the choctaws and chickasaws and cherokee's on the side of the confederacy to make more inroads on native sovereignty. to be punitive in ways that then allow them to get access to more land and to chip away at native sovereignty and native self government. there are definite consequences for having made that decision. >> you mentioned the choctaw and chickasaw and the cherokee as being in some ways in a similar boat and situation. one attendee is asking about the comparison between the way those three nations treated formerly enslaved black people after the war. you mentioned in the choctaw case that they were required to give black people citizenship of a kind. maybe not full citizenship. was that the same in all three nations? was it different? >> i should first say, and initially when the federal government makes this demand, they say, or the people, the freed people will have to leave, the choctaw nati

melinda. oh, the last time i visited other hospitals, but i didn't cover that's why i am here because i need help with my hands so that so glad at the leash with claudia. kevin miller, an employee of freedom stuff, and not to nod, has been flying to afghanistan for years. she and her team have to make life and death decisions opens, which one of the many children are brought germany for further treatment. i wish. as a shot at seeing the cat, it's quite hard to say he can come with us, so you can come with us next time without knowing that, especially with the bone informations, if the children will still be alive in 6 months, half life to know, love it, at this time, more children showed up than ever before. $2200.00 families and total. the situation in afghanistan is disastrous. the economy has collapsed. many people are starving. doctors have left the country. and so have many 8 organizations. we can now call them in sessions. meanwhile, the children are coming to us again without bandages. plus, they can't get painkillers. we have seen severely injured children who would be treated in an intensive care unit in germany behind without painkillers, without bandages