a wrote mencken but they are not as safe as they used to be. [laughter] [applause] >> thank you so much for lifting us as well and again i want to thanks c-span for being here. we are going to begin the question our. one of the things that stands out, so please come to the microphone with any questions that you may have, is that in our history then and you were talking about the conflicts of labor and all of that, and as we know, there was often the visions created along racial lines by the powerful interest and one of the things that darrow did was he did his service as a citizen not only with the cases he took but he was willing to go to the meetings and serve on the board of the naacp and that is also part of that sense of service that he had that may have come from the jeans genes of this abolitionists father. but, whether he believed determinism or not, he made that choice and it was a terrific choice. please begin with the questions and if you are comfortable, tell us your name. >> my name is dr. caroline coghlan. i'm a physician but i us