and a secret pact with its own told ally france to divide the levant and mesopotamia between them don't sissel should say she'll see bows and if it didn't backed out of a t.v. . i don't want to follow this as you said it. will present off a little bit as on dollars go by pretty. good bit if you all don't imply one will die none of us are down here security by any sponsor secret level does that is it that the are a good fit secret. even if you meet them and all that happened. while the british were still negotiating with sorry for cenovus potential revolt in one thousand nine hundred fifteen they and france appointed delegates to draw up this secret deal for dividing up ottoman territory. the french were represented by shell francois pico the former consul general in beirut and the british by the government's middle east advisor so mark sykes. sykes was from a wealthy english family whose country home was here that's led me a house in yorkshire he had a privileged upbringing and was taken on a trip to egypt when he was eleven. his knowledge of the middle east had been picked up writing r

and a secret pact with its own told ally france to divide the levant and mesopotamia between them don't. they don't want to follow this as you said. well as on. the people don't imply one would. have security by any sponsor a security level does that. even if we then went a little. while the british were still negotiating with sorry for cenovus potential revolt in one thousand nine hundred fifteen they and france appointed delegates to draw up this secret deal for dividing up ottoman territory. the french were represented by shell francois pico the former consul general in beirut. and the british by the government's middle east advisor so mark sykes. sykes was from a wealthy english family whose country home was here that's led me a house in yorkshire he had a privileged upbringing and was taken on a trip to egypt when he was eleven. his knowledge of the middle east had been picked up by writing religion and travel books. those sites like the prime minister to think he was an expert in fact he spoke neither turkish nor arabic. speaker was a french lawyer turned diplomat who'd spent seve

render of the indian expeditionary force in mesopotamia in one thousand nine hundred sixteen.they contain challis for sainz arab revolt along the his as railway line. and they forced the british to fight every step of the way in palestine in one thousand nine hundred eighteen. but ultimate military commanders also committed catastrophic errors. minister for war and government leader and what pasha sent tens of thousands of soldiers to fight the russians at such a complex in eastern anatolia during the winter of one nine hundred fourteen and early one nine hundred fifty. he wanted to regain territory lost to russia in eight hundred seventy eight. few of his troops had proper weapons or even boots to march him. as many as sixty thousand alterman troops died of whom two thirds are likely to have perished from frostbite and typhus rather than fighting the russians. the disaster and sad accommodation is still marked by local people. prayers as sad every friday for the third autumn an army. some of the older members of the community like this village elders recall a popular poem fro

iraq was created in mesopotamia with christine's younger son face some as king. had been a commander in the arab revolt and was the deposed king of syria. if we look at their arms territorial definitions that they were zones and visit inside speak that cuts across that. but the actual bamboo has to be drawn i suppose for iraq after sykes pico the first wall would have been shortly after rocket being created in one nine hundred twenty was the younger french convention of december one thousand and twenty. in istanbul capital of the former ottoman empire. a turk successfully resisted foreign attempts to defy the turkish speaking lands he led the turkish war of independence and repelled the greeks italians french and armenians. to church united the country and didn't you turkish republic was proclaimed in october nineteen twenty three. but it teac. these that sob and space. in their eyes is there any god. does not sound concept that if. any it doesn't that doesn't measure or get good day was it doesn't that. the syrian revolution in one nine hundred thirty six finall

and a secret pact with its own told ally france to divide the levant and mesopotamia between them don't sit. their key didn't want to follow this issue they said it. will present a little present on the school bible about equality. between all don't imply one will die notice of the anti of security but any sponsor a policy created level does that. seek. to give him preach that. while the british were still negotiating with sorry for cenovus potential revolt in one thousand nine hundred fifteen they and france appointed delegates to draw up this secret deal for dividing up ottoman territory. the french were represented by shul francois pekoe the former consul general in beirut. and the british by the government's middle east advisor so mark sykes.

render of the indian expeditionary force in mesopotamia in one thousand nine hundred sixteen.they contain challis fostanes arab revolt along the his as railway line. and they force the british to fight every step of the way in palestine in one thousand nine hundred eighteen. but ultimate military commanders also committed catastrophic errors. minister for war and government leader and what pasha sent tens of thousands of soldiers to fight the russians at sonic amish in eastern anatolia during the winter of one nine hundred fourteen and early one nine hundred fifty. he wanted to regain territory lost to russia in eight hundred seventy eight. few of his troops had proper weapons or even boots to march him. as many as sixty thousand alterman troops died of whom two thirds are likely to have perished from frostbite and typhus rather than fighting the russians. the disaster outside accommodation is still marked by local people. prayers as sad every friday for the third autumn an army. some of the older members of the community like this village elders recall a popular poem from the

in march nine hundred seventeen british forces captured baghdad ending ottoman rule in mesopotamia. three years later in april one thousand nine hundred twenty the league of nations assigned iraq to britain as a formal mandate they had interest of iraq because they have also stood in the presence in the gulf as well and in south of iraq so basically they have a good knowledge about what's happening in iraq and they build strong relations with the tribes in iraq in the light of what's happening basically and the failure of the liver to the arabs and stablish with so-called as they and the hashemite basically have good linkage with arab nationalism in iraq all of this together help to mobilize people and they have one thousand nine hundred of illusion. in maine one nine hundred twenty the iraqis a mix of kurds sunny our robes and shia began peaceful protests in baghdad. the british arrested the leaders. and spot file and confrontation. they then crushed the iraqi are prizing with overwhelming force. two thousand two hundred british an indian soldiers were killed. but around eight and

render of the indian expeditionary force in mesopotamia in one thousand nine hundred sixteen.they contain challis fostanes arab revolt along the his as railway line. and they force the british to fight every step of the way in palestine in one thousand nine hundred eighteen. but ultimate military commanders also committed catastrophic arrows. minister for war and government leader and what pasha sent tens of thousands of soldiers to fight the russians at sonic amish in eastern anatolia during the winter of one nine hundred fourteen and early one nine hundred fifty. he wanted to regain territory lost to russia in eight hundred seventy eight. few of his troops had proper weapons or even boots to march him. as many as sixty thousand autumn and troops died of whom two thirds are likely to have perished from frostbite and typhus rather than fighting the russians. the disaster outside accommodation is still marked by local people. prayers as said every friday for the third autumn an army. some of the older members of the community like this village elders recall a popular poem from

in march one nine hundred seventeen british forces captured baghdad ending ottoman rule in mesopotamia. three years later in april one thousand nine hundred twenty the league of nations assigned iraq to britain as a formal mandate they had interest of iraq because they have also stood in the presence in the gulf as well and in south of iraq so basically they have a good knowledge about what's happening in iraq and they build a strong relations with the tribes in iraq in the light of what's happening basically and the failure of the liver to the arabs and stablish with so-called as they and the hashemite basically have good linkage with arab nationalism in iraq all of this together help to mobilize people and they have one thousand nine hundred of illusion. in maine one nine hundred twenty the iraqis a mix of kurds sunny our robes and shia began peaceful protests in baghdad. the british arrested the leaders. and spark file and confrontation. they then crushed the iraqi our pricing with overwhelming force. two thousand two hundred british an indian soldiers were killed. but around eight

he goes with the british army to the middle east, mesopotamia, he meets lawrence of arabia. kermit is a great linguist, he learns arabic. as one point he is in mesopotamia and comes across a bunch of turkish soldiers, ottoman empire guys and with the british army, he has a swagger stick. and going to surrender and they do surrender to him. he gets a rather high british metal and goes to france, but the main story of the youngest son, quentin, 20-year-old sophomore at harvard, he lists in the first week of the war. he's very mechanically inclined. he can put together a motorcycle or a car. early on he loves airplanes. he wants to be in the service, he trains on long island, he commutes to his training, goes to france and 11 months later goes into combat. 11 months later he tells you the state of preparedness of the american air corps in the army itself and on his first real combat mission he gets a kill, shoots down a german but on the second one, bastille day, july 4, 1918, he takes two bullets to the head. his plane crashes down. after that a message sent to a reporter of t

plus all of mesopotamia to the border in the north and the whole of the arabian peninsula except for the british colony of aden. kind of. how do you. and i know how can i say leap years you've been out of. your country your door the. iraqis in one cocoon or much learned to clean. now i can beat up on you know i did that and now it's so fucked up for him he made much i did ok for that would i have had the guardian united go to many credit of a could but i know who last about how to do another and economic muscle how to do a minute about. britain weighed up the benefits and agreed to sorry for seems to months. for his part hussein called for an arab uprising against the ultimate on the fifth of june nine hundred sixteen. the hashemite forces under the command of her saying the sun faisel mobilized. from their bases they attacked the ottoman supply line to his us railway. they found the arab tribesmen of trans-jordan a tough nut to crack. the fourth. the line here today at alcatraz is near the jordanian town of maan a tribal stronghold that the husham ites were never able to capture. be

the arabs of mesopotamia greater syria and the his. remains part of the ottoman empire which was undergoing its own changes. where that and how does. that. democrat or will you measure. at the very near future. a while michalis well but as i licked the. measures thirdly when i mostly. moderate government i learned a lot of the i looked at a lot of the year mostly million or. more in one thousand or eight the committee of union and progress the young turks. overthrew. just seconds and restored the eight hundred seventy six constitution. this reduced tension at the top of ottoman politics but also created inciting among arab groups in the empire and let her hear much more of a new dictatorial. the more we. can the better home. can and who knows i'll call me to get paid have it of god but only. if you can sure tell you. a. recent carefully and remember really. so far i think. there would be your but it does because it would have. been lead. to a drive to three key and. more american lot of b. you. know who work for the who are americas by

the arabs of mesopotamia greater syria and the. remains part of the ottoman empire which was undergoing its own changes. whether to address or. a cat. or democrat or you mention loose a lot of money if you are a well michalis well but as erlich fee. measures a third me when i'm a mostly. moderate middle i live a lot of b. i lucked out a lot of the year mostly million or. more in one thousand eight the committee of union and progress the young turks over to. me just tack. and restored the eight hundred seventy six constitution. this reduced tension at the top of ottoman politics but also created infighting among arab groups in the empire and let her the young much more of a new dictatorial to her the more we knew oakley. can or can the home economy and. can call me to. the hague damage have it of god there really is that what i did a few short. so far a. recent carefree and remember the.

before reading thirty the ottoman empire stretched from mesopotamia in the east to the red sea and most of the north african coast. but over the next eighty or so here's the ultimate lost all cheerier june is here egypt and in one thousand nine hundred twelve libya. then the last territories much closer to home and the balkan wars at nine hundred twelve and nine hundred thirteen. so britain france and russia began plotting how to exploit the potential collapse of salt on our block a means empire for their own individual benefit. to turn up to a minute the second will rule the empire from eight hundred seventy six to nine thousand or eight or nine thousand or nine felt that western european powers were playing dirty games. in his mind and in the minds of the advisers around him and many ottoman ops are mere appeal powers were supporting nationalist independence movement within the ottoman empire he thought that the great powers were using religion especially christianity to mobilize those nationalist movement in an effort to undermine the ottoman empire. the sultan's view was not wrong.

before reading thirty the ottoman empire stretched from mesopotamia in the east to the red sea and most of the north african coast. but over the next eighty or so here's the ultimate lost all cheerier june is here egypt and in one thousand nine hundred twelve libya. then they lost territories much closer to home and the balkan wars of nine hundred twelve and nine hundred thirteen. so britain france and russia began plotting how to exploit the potential collapse of salt on our docket needs empire for their own individual benefit. turn up to have made the second will rule the empire from eight hundred seventy six to nine thousand or eight or nine thousand or nine felt that western european powers were playing dirty games. in his mind and in the minds of the advisers around him and many ottoman ops are mere appeal powers were supporting nationalist independence movement within the ottoman empire he thought that the great powers were using religion especially christianity to mobilize those nationalist movement in an effort to undermine the ottoman empire. the sultan's view was not wrong. th

and the fact that crops didn't come to fruition from scandinavia to mesopotamia, so you're in the darkre been other bad years, people have suggested, what is it, 1349, when the black death was wiping out half of europe, which is quite bad, quite bad for the black death for half of europe, but this is quite bad, according to professor michael mccormack from harvard, writing in the journal science. they have found something in a glazier in the swiss — italian alps which show them all of this. which is extraordinary. do you think we should post a note writing 2018, brexit, very good for whether? yes. opinions on the worst year? i was shocked to find 1922 was the queen's worst year. 1992! that was the year that the windsor castle... burnt down, and lots of personal problems for the royals. yeah, yeah. and a lovely picture to the left of the story about an erotic fresco which is apparently being... which was found in pompeii from archaeologists digging through the layers of part must from the eruption of vesuvius. you would have thought they would have found everything that it has to offer,

the arabs of mesopotamia greater syria and the. remains part of the ottoman empire which was undergoing its own changes. kind of person i shall bear that address or. that. year or democrates year or you measure least. at the very near future. a while michalis well but as erlich fee. measures a third me when i'm a silly. morgan i live a lot of b. i lucked out a lot of the year mostly million. in one thousand or eight the committee of union and progress the young turks overthrew didn't have me just act. and restored to the eight hundred seventy six constitution. this reduced tension at the top of ottoman politics but also created in fighting among arab groups in the empire and let her hear much more of a new dictatorial. more. likely. to be home. and who knows i'll call me to get. them is. there really is that what i did a few short. and. a. recent carefully and remember the. so far i think there will. be more and that your but it does because it would have. been the lead. toward the three key and. more american below what i would be

the french nationalists believe that if the allies when they want syria and palestine and north mesopotamia likes appeared to be someone who is very knowledgeable and in fact in that cabinet meeting that he went to in december one nine hundred fifty in . it or that the result of the cabinet meeting was that one of the cabinet ministers he was there believe that he could speak arabic and turkish but in fact he could speak neither language so he he dotted his speech with arabic phrases that sort of thing to give himself the appearance of being an expert when in fact he was more of a gifted amateur what do you think we should do some are. i think to counteract the french war aims. we require diplomacy. do you think diplomacy will achieve with the fridge i don't want to make any suggestions except on very general lines. that i feel we ought to settle with france as soon as possible and get a definite understanding about syria what sort of arrangement would you like to have with the french what would you say to them i would like to see for ourselves. south of haifa apart from the active of touri

before reading thirty the ottoman empire stretched from mesopotamia in the east to the red sea and most of the north african coast. but over the next eighty or so here's the ultimate last algeria tunisia egypt and in one thousand nine hundred twelve libya. then they lost territories much closer to home and the balkan wars of nine hundred twelve and nine hundred thirteen. so britain france and russia began plotting how to exploit the potential collapse of salt on our block a means empire for their own individual benefit. to turn up to a minute the second will rule the empire from eight hundred seventy six to nine thousand or eight or nine thousand or nine felt that western european powers were playing dirty games. in his mind and in the minds of the advisers around him and many ottoman ops are mere appeal powers were supporting nationalist independence movement within the ottoman empire he thought that the great powers were using religion especially christianity to mobilize those nationalist movement in an effort to undermine the ottoman empire. the sultan's view was not wrong. the europ

the arabs of mesopotamia greater syria and the.remains part of the ottoman empire which was undergoing its own changes. kind of person i shall bear that address or. that. cat. or democrat or you mentioned is at the root of many. lists more good or bad as alec fee. measures a third me when i'm a mostly. moderate and i live a lot of b. i lucked out a lot of the year mostly middle of no nor. in one thousand or eight the committee of union and progress. the young turks overthrew. second and restored the eight hundred seventy six constitution. this reduce tension at the top of autumn in politics but also created infighting among arab groups in the empire. more a new dictatorial. more. likely. to be home economy and. can call me can state them is. there really is that. if you can short. and so far. because the recent carefully remember the. so far i think there would. be more on that but it does because it would have. been the lead. toward the three key and no more american lot of b. you. know who are have been who are america's by ninet

we cannot just rely upon the military defeat of the caliphate right now along the mesopotamia, the euphratesalong the iraqi border. we have to go after the root causes and our policy is aimed at that. in terms of the way forward, to execute these other two more political goals, of an irreversible political process, and the removal of iran, what we're looking at, as president trump laid out, in the u.n. general assembly, back in september, is a deescalation of the conflict and reinvigoration of the political process. let me talk first about the deescalation of the conflict. we now have, other than the fighting against isis, a near cease fire in formal and shaky throughout the country, with us in the northeast, with our partner forces, the sdf, and in the south, again with partner force, the mat, the turks, in the northwest, that's about 40% of the country, almost half of the population is not under assad's control. they're either in those areas or they're across the border. and we're going to work with the u.n., work with the russians, work with the international community, to the extent we c

it was a very chaotic time, but the big civilizations, mesopotamia and egypt surrounded, you would think was a king the statue of david we would've heard something about him in at the texts or references. all there is is one stone inscription that was duck out that mentions the house of david, and that's always got outside the bible. what we have inside the bible is to me compelling, and it was a british historian who said david must have existed because no people on earth would make up such a flawed character as a national leader. >> host: geraldine brooks, what's the importance of lamentations which play throughout this book? first of all, what is ame lamentation? >> guest: a lamentation is just a cry from the heart to god to ask for solace, to atone for misdeeds.. and i think that when you beginl with history there's a lot to lament. and certainly in david's life there was a lot to lament. but what sets him apart i think is that he was a leader who, when confronted with his misdeeds, accepted them. where do we see that in contemporary leadership? i cannot think of one example where so