as i said, the mexicans held the u.s. forces in low esteem, and they had a larger force, and i think they thought they could defeat 'em down there, and that would be the end of it. but it seemed -- as soon as taylor crossed the river, the mexican, mexican general command sent an emissary up there to warn him that they had crossed the river, and they were in mexico and to, please, go back and nothing would happen. but, of course, he had his orders to go all the way to the rio grande. so something was going to happen, and everyone knew it. yes, sir. >> i'd like to hear a little more about the election of 1848. i mean, was it a repudiation of the war? the whig party which was, which was the opposition party to polk, won the presidency, right? joseph: that's right. >> oddly enough, won it with the general who had been the main commander in polk's war. but was this about, was the main issue in the election the war, and was it a repudiation of the war, i guess, is my question. joseph: no, i don't think it was. because polk wasn

the mexican cavalry ambushed u.s. dragoons along the river in polk could now claim american april 1826. blood was shed on american soil, but some of taylor's officers including ulysses s grant, believed they had been used as bait to catch a war. so when word of the attack reached washington, polk's allies pushed a war resolution through congress and put a two-hour time limit on debate. then they used up an hour and a half of the two hours reading the accompanying documents out loud. the 14 house members and two senators who voted against the war bill were vilified as traitors. by then, taylor had already won two battles along the rio grande and was preparing to invade mexico. at first there was tremendous support for the war. public rallies were held around the country, young men rushed to enlist in the militia. when their own state's militia quotas were filled, they went to neighboring states and enlisted. the public support faded as the war dragged on and the casualty list grew with no end in sight. polk believed th

he recognizes why these mexicans -- he himself is mexican-american. he came to america in the early 20th century. he is very interested not in criticizing the "bracero" himself. he is not angry in the mexican worker coming over to work in the field. he understands why they want to make money and why this is seen as a more desirable job that not. his critique is structural. he says that what this does is allows agra business to put t undocumented workers and "braceros" against each other were not able to advocate for themselves. he uses the term wet, which is racialized term for mexicans. he says braceros and wet other two sides of the point that cuts down the farm laborer, to prevent union organization. to run american citizens off farm jobs, especially on the corporation ranches. he really becomes a strong advocate and the "bracero" program ends in 1964. o, heust because of ernest did not have that much power or clout. because of new immigration laws and changes in the agricultural industry. the program is ended in 1964 and that leaves an opening for

mexicans take these jobs in large numbers and why? it is more money than they would be making in mexico. they come to the united states, they work for a short time, they make enough money, they go home and come back with another contract. this is not a small program. this is 200,000 people a year. they worked in cotton, citrus ttuce.t us -- let they lived in punk houses like this one. they had their houses included that they are very poor and enclosed conditions. they often complained about what they felt with having their wages rescinded. or they do not feel like they got their full amount of money. the most common complaint they had was underpayment. people also complain about housing, about the food not being good enough, about pay being taken out, illegal deductions. about threats occupational , hazards in the field. i know about this because i wrote letters -- they write letters to mexican consulates. it would say how badly they were treated and they would ask for help. one person said "we were promised room and board but we have

the term wet, which is racialized for mexicans. he says bracero's and wet other two sides of the point that cuts down the farm laborer, to prevent union organization. to run american citizens off farm jobs, especially on the corporation. he really becomes a shock advocate and the "bracero" program ends in 1964. ernesto did not have that much power or clout. immigration laws are being passed in 1965. in many ways it changes the agricultural industry. is ended in 1964 and that leaves an opening for to think about agricultural labor organizing in the mid-1960's. program it in that was almost impossible to unionize because all the workers take those places. of the program in makes it easier for agricultural workers to think about joining in union, although the barriers are still -- are still very high. we will see if anyone has questions about california or the "bracero" program. just wait one second. the "bracero" program, or reapply, orew reapply, where they likely to go back to the same farm? what was a process like? gof. lipman: ye

for many mexicans. do you feel that home and more in mexico? guest: i think-- i don't think i have a home anymore. when i decided to be an immigrant and that was probably the most difficult decision in my life, i think i left home and i don't have a home anymore. when i think of home, it's a place where i grew up as a kid with my three brothers and sisters. when i go back to mexico,e i pass in front of the house andnd that is home for me. i think i have been looking for the idea of home and once you are immigrant i think you lose them forever and you are constantly looking for that home and it's impossible to get a back. host: has it been worse since november 2016 in your view? guest: it's been worse since june, 26-- 2015, since donald trump launches candidacy. i learn english too late in my life and it's difficult. my kids correct me constantly. they are my best teachers. in the history of united states, changes. it's a difficult and sometimes i faced anti-immigrant sentiment , but never as it is nowen

these are tough times for the mexican media declining circulation budget cuts staff layoffs. for all the criticism government do you give media outlets a lifeline but it's also a system that lends itself to corruption some outlets taking advantage pockets in government money without generating any real news content. it creates a strange sort of market mexico is a country where there are a lot of newspapers and they just keep producing more given that this is not a country where people read a lot and we also know that there is this crisis in the written press this practice just allows for falls markets meant a new evolution and. muslim have you seen this is there are far more media outlets in mexico than is actually necessary and that starts to straight up ties in with publications that sell one thousand two thousand five thousand copies in a city of twenty million inhabitants we have all these media outlets that don't need to have a readership because what they are after is advertising revenue what will we see of asia. one outlet that says it remains untouched by that source

. >> tonight on c-span2 for former mexican president on the us mexican relationship. education secretary betsy devos testifying and later house oversight hearing on the troubled asset relief program. ... >> i'm going to introduce our head table. please hold your applause until i get through the names. at my end is maria, the correspondent for the austin american statesman. next is brennan, communications court nader at the brookings institution. then we have todd, a washington bureau chief for the dallas morning news. mr. farouq, secretary of the national press club. next is michelle, desk editor at the associated press. and on my left is gloria, president and ceo of communicative and guest of our speaker. next we have betsy, executive residence at -- university. skipping over the speaker, we have abby livingston, washington bureau chief of the texas tribune and member of the headliners team. next is danny, senior vice president at business wire and the mpc headliner who organized the event. next is smarter, the wife of president fox and the mexico foundation. thank y

no doubt it will provide a candid assessment of the future us mexican relations. join me in welcoming to the national press club former mexican president, vincente fox. [applause] >> thank you for your invitation. we are really glad to be here. i have to jump a wall. [laughter] to be here to defend first amendment. [applause] to be by your said on the important and strategic role that press plays in our societies and in full of the world. we experienced in some instances of our administration so many aggressive lies in yet i always said that nothing better for democracy and for freedom is having the press be free and right so we have a profound belief in this. but let me now speak a little bit about what is going on today. this is my personal view after 76 years and traveling around the world in learning and experiencing and what should we get at the summit and maybe to maturity but what is certain is you get that very special place of wisdom and that is a very special feeling and way that you reach only after years and years of experience. i see the world today t

mexican relations. please join me in welcoming to the national press club former mexican president vicente fox. [ applause [ applause [ applause ] >> thank you for your invitation. martha and i are really glad to be here. i had to jump a wall to be here to defend first amendment. [ applause ] to be by yourself on the important strategic role press societies and in the whole of the world. martha and i experienced at some instances of our administration some very aggressive lies and yet martha and i always said that nothing better for democracy, for freedom than having the press be free and write as they please, so we have a profound belief in this. but let me now speak a little bit about what's going on today. this is my personal view after 76 years on traveling around the world, learning, experiencing. until you get to the summit and maybe to maturity, what is certain you get to that very special place of wisdom, and that's a very special feeling, a very special way that you reach only after years and y

many of the guys out kwocooking the kitchens, they're mexican citizens, mexican born.feel very proud about all of them. and many of the chefs and owners of the restaurants are businessmen or businesswomen that are mexican americansment. >> sure. great american success stories. >> skpaktly. >> quickly. two questions. tell me about the work you do as consul. what do you have to do? >> three things. protection and promotion of human rights. we are in that all the time, labor rights and things with health and migration issues. second is all the cultural things tt we have to promote. >> such as this festival. >> and third and most important in my case is business development. we want to connect with the industrial revolution. we have a very important work, have to do with doing business with mexico and mexican companies doing business with the bay area. >> jeff sessions announced a much stricter crackdown on illegal immigration. this festival comes at a time of great sensitivity. put this in context for us. >> we think we are better together, stronger, more cr creati creati

. >> how do mexican people say it? how do other people say it? >> chicaron. >>> he is codirector here t massachusetts institute of technology. >> it may come as a bit of a surprise to you to hear him talking about it like this. >> being on campus having those opportunities, food, electricity. i felt a lot of guilt. >> see, he grew up just outside the rural village in haiti. >> a village about 20 miles. >> no hospitals, no clinics, no schools. it keeps a lot of pressure on him. >> my upbringing in haiti and knowing always in the back of my mind like if you slack off someone else should be taking your place right now. >> you can't take certain opportunities for granted when you know you take from a place others don't have the choice. >> it's actually all about creating the opportunities of other people. as he goes back to haiti where he and his family have been involved in trying to help the kids. because they built a school. 80% still don't have access to education. in fact they have now started a go fund me. listen to some of the numbers here. 60

in twenty fourteen a bus full of mexican students was attacked by mexican police six of the students were killed and forty three others disappeared without a trace since then investigators have determined that the attackers used heckler and koch and guns proof that the german weapons maker had sold guns to certain mexican states illegally the german government gave the green light to sell to the mexican government under the condition that certain states would not receive any of the weapons critics however say that all parties involved knew that control over the distribution would be lost once the weapons entered the country exports to countries with dubious human rights records have proved profitable for a heckler and koch in the past revenue took a hit after an export ban to the middle east in twenty fourteen in twenty sixteen the company decided to only sell its products to safe and stable democracies. eight years after an anti arms trade activist filed charges prosecutors in stuttgart bring the case against heckler and call to trial at the district court some fifty protesters demo

all mexicans. who moved here in russia and today's kickoff world cup come down to look down on good. quality as monsters he said often enough for german champions wrote. a bit of a problem. for twenty eight seems to be another need a bit of a go. and might do it again. for some group stage and what about mexico. they can go for paul to israel heads to his home country. chris is may. find out how strong germany's biggest group leipold really is just down what little before the mexico and whatever fans believe in victory. if you call. them. the world cup but only one team can win kickoff is ready for the world cup by you. chief. so my group bad blood down i have to leave berlin behind and travel to munich the heart of german football. germany the reigning world champion. a team that everyone wants to be but no one wants to play. a country that's reached more world cup finals than any other. so twenty eight seem to be another year of the eagle. the reigning gems have a tricky grigs another guy might f

i do believe that in the minds of many mexicans, all the mexicans that are living here, they have bothries inside them. >> one of the things that you've heard, and i've heard too, is people are just so angry. it doesn't matter which side you're on. they're just angry, and they can't get past that. so how do we help people calm down? >> yeah, i will say that we have to look forward. i will say that we have to understand, be very measured, be very mature, and understand that these issues have nothing to do with the american people. these issues have nothing to do with the american goods. these issues have nothing to do with the american companies. quite the opposite. this is a moment where we have to be closer. this is a moment, an opportunity to show that together, we are better, that together we are more competitive, that together we have better creativity. so let's not be angry. let's be measured, let's be mature, and let's look at the positive side of all this. our thanks to all of our international friends, the consuls general of mexico, israel, and russia for taking their time to s

the mexican you'll have to sit to plan b. c. the government store and president and they get in you don't know what political this is. an elected leader apparently larkham in criticism well that's what it sounds like. good news for mexican journalists work not for the fact that the news organizations they work for depend on the revenue from these kinds of political ads to stay in the business. it's a fairly straightforward paradox if your main client is the government you cannot criticize the government because if the government pulls the plug your business cannot survive. the amount of money handled is dangerous but the way it is distributed is even more so because there are no controls to determine which bits are receiving it and how much is being allocated to disseminate certain messages that the governments are. simply. insane easements state advertising isn't necessarily a bad thing in and of itself but what is bad is when it becomes an exchange currency which can be used to either punish or reward and which can be used to

citizen. >> tucker: but you voted in the mexican election. >> i posted in the mexican election and the. election. i know it's confusing for you but that is what happens. there are millions of people around the world with dual citizenship. i'm just one of them. >> tucker: yeah, i'm opposed that. but it's just funny how we have a moral obligation because we are bad people to subsidize the rest of the world. >> we are the richest and most powerful in the world and people want to come here and we are an example of democracy and generosity. >> tucker: talk about blaming the victim. itme was great to see you. thank you. executive director at the center for immigration studies who just returned from a trip to the border joins us now. mark, you were just there. would you say the border is secure? >> no, it's not. the border patrol agents we talked to and the rangers and others, none of them said it was particularly secure either. this is the southern tip of texas that we were out, ground zero now for immigration. it used to be arizona. before that it was san diego. those places are better cont

he did not suggest breaking mexican law. he did not suggest subverting mexican national security.declare war on mexico.en all four mexican presidential candidates just did that. why should we not consider mexico a hostile foreign power? >> like i was think i might have the candidates showed their willingness to cooperate with the u.s. on issues like border security. the problem is when you have cabinet members traveling to mexico, like secretary nielsen or secretary mattis, to gloat about the cooperation, sign agreements left and right, and then two hours later, president trump tweets that mexico is not doing anything for us. >> tucker: i don't know if you heard my point. i understand, it's a rocky relationship and both sides are at fault and i understand. this is something different from what we've seen. all four men running for thecy presidency of mexico are pledging to intentionally break american federal immigration law and help flood our country with people we don't want here to our detriment. that has never happened before. no one has said that out loud. all four of them jus

that both the canadians and the mexican trade negotiators are are looking at this whole deal even thoughcanada has been exempt from this deal with aluminum tariffs and taking pretty big notes. well you bet they are i mean this is a whole there's a big chip in the whole nafta negotiations trump was saying that from day one the is a part of it it's a part and parcel and as you can see nafta negotiations are being pushed right now things are moving faster it's a locomotive that seems it's not going to stop until it hits that wall that it needs to hit and everything hopefully will be ok i'm maybe the wall analogy isn't that great but you know what i'm saying the but the fact the matter here is that both mexico and canada are listening canada is actually listening very attentively because canada is behind closed doors to change some rules in this country to stop dumping of chinese steel so this is all tied to president trump's demands of president trump's tariffs that he's talking about that we've been exempt from nobody thought these tariffs would kick in last night at midnight or to or toda

reporter: in 2014, a bus full of mexican students was attacked by mexican police. of the students were killed and 43 others disappeared without a trace. since, investigators have determined the attackers used german handguns. that is proof the german weapon maker's guns landed in certain mexican states illegally. the german government gave the green light to sell to the mexican government under the condition that certain states would not receive any of the weapons. critics however say that all parties involved knew that control over the distribution would be lost once the weapons entered the country. exports to countries with dubious human rights records have proved profitable in the past. revenue took a hit after an export ban to the middle east in 2014. in 2016, the company decided to only sell its products to save and stable democracies. eight years after an anti-arms trade 00 -- prosecutors are bringing the case to trial. some 50 protesters demonstrated against weapons exports. it is the biggest trial in german history concerning the export of small arms. helen

in twenty fourteen a bus full of mexican students was attacked by police. six of the students were killed and forty three others disappeared without a trace. since then investigators have determined that the attackers used heckler and koch handguns. proof that the german weapon makers guns landed in certain mexican states illegally. the german government gave the green light to sell to the mexican government under the condition that certain states would not receive any of the weapons critics however say that all parties involved knew that control over the distribution would be lost once the weapons and to the country. exports to countries with dubious human rights records have been profitable for a heckler and koch in the past in the small town of open doff and southern germany there are three weapons manufacturers including heckler and koch. many of the roughly fifteen thousand residents of directly or in directly involved in the arms industry. you don't really think about that they have to be produced somewhere and that's here. we go not just making milit

in twenty fourteen a bus full of mexican students was attacked by mexican police six of the students were killed and forty three others disappeared without a trace since then investigators have determined that the attackers used heckler and koch handguns that's proof that the german weapons makers guns landed in certain mexican states illegally the german government gave the green light to sell to the mexican government under the condition that certain states would not receive any of the weapons critics however say that all parties involved knew that control over the distribution would be lost once the weapons and to the country exports to countries with dubious human rights records have proved profitable for a heckler and koch in the past. revenue took a hit after an export ban to the middle east in twenty fourteen in twenty sixteen the company decided to only sell its products to safe and stable democracies. eight years after an anti arms trade activist filed charges prosecutors in stuttgart are bringing the case against the trial at a district court some fifty protesters demonstra

and they can make our five thousand dollars a kilo locally with a with one kill swim bladder the mexican government has invested so far over a billion barrels in compensating fishermen and phone. isn't a scientist but he co-chairs the baccy the rescue program in mexico he created a plan to use economic incentives to keep your nets out of the gulf for the past two years mexico has paid fishermen not to fish into alternative gear that don't kill becky could be developed you can imagine going through the communities. trying to convince families not to go back and fish which is what they have been doing for generations that's who they are right as part of their identity i would say and that's the whole purpose of these programs to have them go back and fish but being able to do so without arguing but you know. it's important for mexico to save the the from extinction and i would do it's if we went to the same efforts as china has been doing to save panda mexico's efforts have seen mixed results progress has been made but the numbers don't lie the barkeeper is almost gone there recently that

the mexican peso has tumbled by double digits as had all the other emerging market currencies as the u.s. dollar has soared in value and how does this impact a business yes there are some people that like to invest or by u.s. dollars for example where an election is coming before ninety ninety four each six years that mexico elections take place every six years they used to be a huge devaluation and inflation every six years when outgoing and incoming new president came in so there's people who would like to save in and us always and there are some people that also because of the ability to that they're having their like they have one to cover future payments in u.s. dollars or cover up and well because it is a way of doing this encrypt their currencies but also as we know it's a way to moving money in and out of the for in markets right and to get back to the political scene a for a moment obrador as a leftist and would this interview. the domestic economy does it need a bit of a lefty to come in and take away some of the excesses one finds when the right is in power for a long time

is it mexicans or do you find american citizens to do the work?> american citizens. >> american citizens. how do you find americans to do this? >> i don't know. my boss does that. >> your boss does that? >> yes. >> your boss does it. interesting. >> reporter: the fact that they apparently have americans helping them may help explain why no one here seems too worried about president trump's proposed wall. "we will keep getting things to the other side," he says. "and if we don't, the truth is americans will be the ones to knock over the wall to come to mexico then." this car's final destination -- los angeles. in 2016 the sinaloa cartel took a huge hit. the arrest of its leader, joaquin "el chapo" guzman, who goes on trial in new york in september. but here in this part of mexico the cartel is still essentially in control. we did see the army out on patrol, but this is hostile territory for the government. a place where people regularly worship the patron saint of narco traffickers, where the local cemetery is filled with garish monuments to dead d

will always buy shitty mexican food.mexican food, why? >> cosme: my brother come up with the idea to open a mexican restaurant, and i told my brother come on, i've never cooked mexican food like for a restaurant. so i started cooking for six months at home every single day trying to do different things and finally we opened a mexican restaurant. >> anthony: and then you got a michelin star? >> cosme: yeah, for three years in a row. >> anthony: nice. both are fantastic, but tonight we're eating korean. gamjatang, pork neck bone soup with rice cakes, pork belly, kimchi, and spicy radish, and kimchi and oysters. >> joshua: so this dish right here the gamjatang was the dish that i'd buy three years ago. it literally transplanted me back to korea. >> anthony: yeah, but how old were you when you left? >> joshua: i came to america at 6. >> anthony: were you raised observant jew? >> joshua: orthodox. >> anthony: you were raised orthodox. you still with the program? >> joshua: no not at all. i'm eating pork right now. >> anthony:

the mexican peso has tumbled by double digits as had all the other emerging market currencies as the u.s. dollar has soared in value and how does this impact your business yes there are some people that like to invest or by u.s. dollars for example where an election is coming before ninety ninety four each six years that mexico elections take place every six years they used to be a huge devaluation and inflation every six years when outgoing and incoming new president came in so there's people who would like to save in and us always and there are some people that also because of the ability to that they're having their like they have one to cover future payments in u.s. dollars or cover up and well because it is a way of doing this encrypt their currencies but also as we know it's a way to moving money in and out of the for in markets right and that to get back to the political scene a for a moment obrador as a leftist and would this in your view. the domestic economy does it need a bit of a lefty to come in and take away some of the excesses one finds when the right is in power for

family's claim, and what the mexican government just said. family's claim, and what the mexican government just said. that i could climb that hill and get over it. i really honestly don't believe i could have done it without chantix. along with support, chantix (varenicline) is proven to help people quit smoking. chantix reduced my urge to smoke. when you try to quit smoking, with or without chantix, you may have nicotine withdrawal symptoms. some people had changes in behavior or thinking, aggression, hostility, agitation, depressed mood, or suicidal thoughts or actions with chantix. serious side effects may include seizures, new or worse heart or blood vessel problems, sleepwalking or allergic and skin reactions which can be life-threatening. stop chantix and get help right away if you have any of these. tell your healthcare provider if you've had depression or other mental health problems. decrease alcohol use while taking chantix. use caution when driving or operating machinery. the most common side effect is nausea. it feels so good to s