next, a commencement speeches by york city mayor michael blumberg. first civilian woman to work in japan. and member of the little rock nine. a blind mountain climber, and a neurosurgeon. >> he was known as a czar. it was not a compliment. he found a flattering. >> during his three terms as speaker, republican thomas reed changed the power structure of the house. >> he was in tuned as a tyrant because he overturned a longstanding custom in the house that the minority would be on equal footing with the majority. >> james grant and his new biography on c-span's q&a. you can download this another podcasts online at c-span.org. classs year's graduating at george washington university heard from michael blumberg. he talked about some of the positive developments after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, including volunteering. he also urged graduates to defend freedoms and viewpoints that are not the most popular and to take risks. from the national mall, this is 15 minutes. >> good morning, everyone. cropp -- thank you for that introduction. i am honored to be t