michael oppenheimer is a coordinating lead author of it. and a professor of geosciences and international affairs at princeton university. and patricia romero lankao of the u.s. national center for atmospheric research was a lead author of a chapter about north america. she's a sociologist who studies the societal impact of climate change. and we welcome you both to the program. michael oppenheimer, it seems one of the screaming headlines from this is that people need to pay attention. what had been felt to be in the future is happening now. how do you read the main conclusions today? >> right. we're already detecting some of the effects of climate change on the whole system we live in. we're detecting changes in crop yields. we're detecting changes in the frequency of heat waves and heat waves kill, and we're detecting the massive changes in globally important systems like the arctic and coral reefs on which people's lives and the climate system depends. so changes are happening and we need to get on doing something about it, both reducing

michael oppenheimer. those are the changes.ffect global warming will have on the food and the effects. >> food is the headline of the report. we have seen a decrease in crop yields in many places. more so where it is hot. too hot to produce some crops. where it is cooler, there are some increases. over time the demand for food from more population, people eating higher of the food chain is going to i'll run crossed yields and will get into a situation where there will not be enough food to eat. >> what is the timing on a situation like that? >> some countries will click we are already in a situation where the decrease will start affecting the availability of expect some malnutrition at least over the next few decades. what we're are really worried about is when you get to 2055 where temperatures get high enough that even in developed countries you see crop yields being affected. >> what about fish stock as well? >> there has been a problem with fish stock due to overfishing for a long time because the oceans are getting more ac

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