this is a key question, very intelligent question and key question, because michelle milkan and those who falled her have claimed the u.s. intercepts of the japanese diplomatic code displayed mass espionage by japanese americans. my contention is they don't show any such thing. they show pious hopes by japanese authorities who are recruiting spies, that they could get to recruit japanese americans, and even if there had been evidence of that, it was not shown to the people who made the actual decisions on the ground. the best answer i can come up with is, no. the best evidence is that there was no actual evidence of any sabotage by any japanese american on the west coast, and this is one area where the comparative history helps us. the fact is that in canada, the military authorities opposed mass confinement. the chief of staff of the canadian army said there was no threat from japanese-canadians, that a small number of unarmed people are not going to be able to bring about any great rising against canadian troops and the greatest danger in fact was to them from rioting rather than fr