is the president of the local small scale miners association. with it for all that used to be cocoa plantations. and the government has eradicated all the coca in the region. each day dozens of mules amble up and down these paths loaded up with cans of cyanide like mercury is used to extract the gold from the or. we're in the heart of a rich gold bearing region. the mines are artisanal the techniques and sesto the gold reserves have hardly been tapped. the big companies rarely venture out here but they already hold all the mining permits for the theatre with them all this land is already tenured by the company's campus you know whenever a small farmer goes to request a mining permit he's told that the land has already been allocated but someone has requested it before him and famous both in this way the small scale miners are considered illegal by the colombian government they live under fark rule most of the time the guerrilla fighters are invisible but they come here regularly to collect their war tax. in order to work you have to pay the guer

is the president of the local small scale miners association. with it for all that used to be cocoa plantations. and the government has eradicated all the coca in the region. each day dozens of mules amble up and down these paths loaded up with cans of cyanide.

associated with this. when south african police fired on a group of striking miners, he was at the front and among the first to fall. 34 men died that day. >> i am amazed i survived. >> he shows me a massive star. >> the police have accused him of shooting at them. my heart is broken. it is not true. if they -- if we are guilty, lock us up. if the police are guilty, they should also be jailed. >> justice remains elusive. iss commission of inquiry moving at a snails pace, although it has heard damming evidence against the south african police. including these pictures which clearly show that weapons were placed beside the bodies of minors after they had been killed. -- miners after they had been killed. frustration was tangible as people gather to mark the anniversary. >> what happened here shocked south africa, but has it really triggered any serious changes? feel angry andl underpaid. the unions are still at each other's throats. the police insist they did nothing wrong. remarkably the government and ruling party did not show up. it felt at times like an opposition rally. peace!ust have peace with who? nob

associated with this. when south african police fired on a group of striking miners, he was at the front and among the first to fall. 34 men died that day. >> i am amazed i survived. >> he shows me a massive star. >> the police have accused him of shooting at them. my heart is broken. it is not true. if they -- if we are guilty, lock us up. if the police are guilty, they should also be jailed. >> justice remains elusive. iss commission of inquiry moving at a snails pace, although it has heard damming evidence against the south african police. including these pictures which clearly show that weapons were placed beside the bodies of minors after they had been killed. -- miners after they had been killed. frustration was tangible as people gather to mark the anniversary. >> what happened here shocked south africa, but has it really triggered any serious changes? feel angry andl underpaid. the unions are still at each other's throats. the police insist they did nothing wrong. remarkably the government and ruling party did not show up. it felt at times like an opposition rally. peace!ust have peace with who? nob

mineral perspective there is the chance that quite a lot of various substances will be discovered. but getting added is very difficult and it's very expensive. there are possible environmental risks associated with it so that act that it's there doesn't necessarily imply that it will be produced. >> host: what about them militarization of the arctic? has that happened? >> guest: 30 years ago prior to the cold war there were probably more assets than there are now so what you have seen his cold war that is tremendously important militarily. why? it's a great place for submarines to hide submarines to destroy russia or the united states -- that era is over so that kind of military infrastructure is not necessarily in the arctic. but also we have returned to the period of 1990 and early 2000 when the arctic was completely off the strategic map. there wasn't much going on there economically or the priority lyrically or militarily. now because there is more interest in oil and gas because there is a possibility of shipping routes across the arctic, there is a greater need for defense ministries to look again at what they should have in place in case of a worst-case scenario. to deal with what if

associate justices on the supreme court. the navy secretary and his family were burned alive in a house. and there were strikes in the east and mineres. >> a steel plant, it was a terrible thing, and 20 men were shot dead, of the protesters and the american public, while it seemed justified to the plant and carnegie and rest, it horrified the american public. they just could not believe it. and this chipped away at harrison, he got a lot of the blame for that. >> did this contribute to the depression that you mentioned earlier? >> the depression, oh, his own depression? i think that went way back. i think it goes back to the civil war when he was a private general and though he was a little man, he was quite a leader and the whole prospect of war was horrifying to him. they'd been married about, what, five years? >> yeah. >> maybe more. >> short time. five years, i think. >> and they both were very gripped by that period. as many people were. >> and he must have witnessed horrible things on the battlefield, i would imagine. >> yes. >> before we leave this part of the lesson, a couple more questions. >> there were a lot of old curta