so miranda v. arizona, again, grist world v. county -- crest crest -- griswold v. connecticut. most cases people think are bill of rights cases aren't bill of rights because the amendments are limiting the federal government. so what kinds of cases are gideon v. wainwright and lawrence v. texas and new york times v. sullivan if they're not bill of rights cases? what cases are they? they're 14th amendment cases. no state or localities which are part of the localities. that's the second founding, a second bill of rights, the one that actually is more intuitive for most americans today because states misbehave because madison lost when he tried to get that original 14th amendment passed saying in state shall violate fundamental rights, but the senate didn't go along, so he lost that fight, but he wins in the end thanks to the. 14th amendment. and, you know, it's utterly apt that we give madison the credit for the final 14th amendment, but it's also a little bit ironic because all of this is precipitated, this 14th amendment, by the abuse of power and, alas, madison and jefferson w