i get this first question but others can comment as mister chertoff and mr. painter.russian malicious cyber activity remains a national security threat, no doubt about that. they attacked our election and sponsored the destructive malware. what are the most important actions our government should be taking to the tour russia from this type of malicious activity and just focus on one or two or three like that would begood . >> i think when you deal with ran somewhere, particularly ran somewhere that can affect industrial control systems and have an impact on human life, i think that deserves the kind of response that we do with respect to a physical attack that might have a threat to human life which means we have to have the ability to respond either in kind or in another way to deter that. when it comes to information operations which to be honest go back 100 years before the union existed idon't regard that as an act of war . i think it's a matter where there are things we can do in terms of calling out who's responsible for putting posts or things like the internet