he wanted to be part of this mnla group.hey did not like -- his beliefs were starting to become a little bit more nonsecular, and during the third rebellion around 2007, he had flipped sides on them. he was with the rebellion, later on he went down to support the other side and overthrow his brethren in the north. they said no, we do not want you to be a part of it. he said, fine. the fourth rebellion begins in january of 2012. 2.5 months, a combination of and other groups take over molly. -- mali. jurors were pushed out of the region. then what happens, discussions begin. they discuss what they want to do with north in terms of governance. mnla did not have a good handle on how to control the vast region. they were relying on these groups to figure it out. the whole time, these groups are looking for a time to elbow themnla out. this successfully did that in june 2012. they were successfully sidelined. they went towards the west. how are we doing on time? good. so, ever since -- during this. of time -- this period of time,

people said mnla are islamists, others say no, they are not islamist. this confusion, i still find it today, especially in discussions with people, and what's interesting is during the time when the islamists elbowed them out of the region and took control, they tried to kill the president of the mnla. luckily, he did not die and survived that, but during this period, the islamists were smart enough where they were actually using mlna flags on their vehicles, and they would commit atrocities, and, you know, later on, i'm not saying they were totally clean, but a lot of the things were blame on the mnla. what's interesting is i believe it was october of 2012, two videos released, and they were done by the media wing showing killings of mali soldiers and how they took control. they were actually taking responsibility for these two things that prior to that was blamed completely on the mnla saying the mnla are the ones that killed soldiers in cold blood and did x, y, and z. fast forward to today. what we have is a very complex situation in the north. we ha

. >> those mnla fighters told reporters that islamists had abandoned the area. the rebel group began a separatist insurgency in the north of mali last year. it was later hijacked by al qaeda-linked islamists. >> we are joined live from mali by our correspondent. could we say this is the end of the islamic threat or the beginning of a protracted guerrilla war? >> it is difficult to say because although the french, malian an dnow tuareg soldiers have taken population centers, aide from the few militants that have been captured, the majority have just disappeared into a large desert area in the north. >> you are saying they have disappeared into the desert. will french troops then need to extend operations to those areas and possibly across the borders of neighboring countries if they seek sanctuary? >> it is difficult to say. though the french insist their involvement will be short and swift, francois hollande said they're willing to stay as long as it took here in bamako. today, at the airport, at least 50 infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers an

we are seeing the mnla trying to basically stress their independence -- independence as separate, trying to get some political clout for negotiations that are already under way. we are also hearing a lot of talk about a road map that to democracy in the south. of course, there was a coup here last year and a transitional government, but no clear idea on when it happened. there is a real sense of urgency. essentially there is no long- term military solution to the crisis. we need good governance on the ground, particularly in the north, to ensure some sort of proper peace process. >> andrew, thank you very much indeed for bringing us that update. let's go to air and with business news. you are going to tell us more about the banking fine for the royal bank of scotland? >> it will be a big one. we know that heads have already rolled. of course, just to remind everyone, several banks around the world were caught manipulating an interest rate that influences the salt. i will explain in more detail now. hello there, it is certainly a scandal that has rocked the banking world. a whopping sum o

the whole time the groups were looking for a way to outvote the mnla out. they did that in the june of 2012. that was sidelined to the country someful them remain -- and they went toward the west. how are we doing on time? >> good. >> and so ever since during the period of time there was a lot of confusion essentially. some people were saying they are islamists, others say no they're not. the confusion still find it today especially in discussions with people what is interesting during the time when the islamists voted them out of the region and took control. they tried to kill the president of the mnla. luckily he didn't die, and survived that. but dumping the -- during the period. the islamists were smart enough they were using nmla flags on some of the vehicles, and they would commit awe toesty -- awe toes i'm not saying that were totally clean. a lot were blamedded on them. i believe it was october of 2012, two videos were release and say that were done by the media wing showing the killings and showing the killings of mali soldiers and how they took co

operating, and a different history with regard to the degree of animosity between those in power in the mnla and those residing elsewhere in the country who may belong to the tuareg community. that is not exportable to mali because of mali's different history. and now as america stands come because of the different the malian state. so then getting back to what you ask, what is it we need to do. i said, i want to reemphasize there was a saying about two years, we first have to recognize that this is a regional question that has to be addressed regionally. it is a question that does not engage the deployment of u.s. troops because of the blowback that has involved with the insurgency. but it does involve a level of intelligent engagement, using the resources that are appropriate for the resolution of the problem, which is the provision of our formidable intelligence gathering services, the provision of wise investments to the constitution of the malian, not just malian, other civil society, in the eventual subordination of military officers or militias to a central army. those are the objecti