captain moak? >> thank you, chairman, ranking members for the opportunity to provide our perspectives on the critical importance of safely integrating unmanned aircraft systems into the national air space system. our country's national air space is the most dynamic and diverse on the planet and also -- i want to underscore this -- the safest. we need to protect it and maintain it to deliver the safest, most sufficient air transportation possible. uas and remotely piloted aircraft systems include aircraft ranging in the size from a small bird to as large as an airliner. some uas aircraft operate completely autonomously. the flight route is computer programmed and the device operates without a pilot. other uas aircraft are flown remotely by pilots from an operational center or control stations that can be located at the launch and recovery site or perhaps thousands of miles away. alpa supports the safe use of unmanned aircraft systems. we recognize the potential benefit to our nation's economic compe

moak said could you comment? >> taking a risk based approach, in the case of beyond line of site operations you would be in an area with higher risks but if you mitigate that through technology, for example in france today when they are doing for flight operations is they are operating at low altitudes weather isn't generally aviation traffic or commercial traffic and they are enhancing it through technology, cameras on board a system where an operator can actually see if there's other traffic in the area to the point where loss lanes and areas utilizing technology i mentioned earlier for contingency management. in the case we do lose link with the operator you are able to preprogram so the uav knows how to respond in those cases a depending what the environment is in knows what a safe location is to return to. these other technologies that are already in place today. >> one more minute to let mr. rory respond to that. >> my answer is consistent in this sense the on line of sight, risk-based profile makes a lot o

we see an aircraft sitting in front of captain moak there. it is possible to put in the type of technology or can you expand on the types of technology that would increase safety but yet not require an aircraft license as the gentleman to your right is advocating that would keep us safe. what other technologies are out there? >> i mentioned two very important ones, the geofence technology which is very common in the industry and can be used on vehicles as small as the ones you see here. the management functionality et gets to a lost link also loss of gps so that should the vehicle no longer be able to make itself aware of where it is, it knows how to land safely. there's a lot of really great research going on right now here in the united states and other parts of the world that professor roy talked about on sense and avoid technology. that's going to be a critical piece for enabling a lot of these high risk applications at higher altitude with other traffic in the area and there's already very significant advancements in that area as well. >

captain lee moak was president of air line pilots association. mr. jesse kallman, head of business development and regulatory affairs for air where. dr. nicholas roy, and ms. gilligan, you are recognized to we welcome your remarks. >> thank you, chairman lobiondo, for the opportunity to appear before the subcommittee to discuss unmanned aircraft systems, or what we know as the uas. in the faa modernization reform act congress mandated the safe and efficient integration of uas international airspace system. administered aware to in announcing his initiatives identified integration of uas and commercial space operations in to the nass as one of the stoppers and we're working hard to meet those mandates. in the act of congress mandated the second of transportation consultant government partners and industry stakeholders to develop a conference of plan and find a roadmap for uas integration. of the documents have been published and outlined the path ahead for uas. as called for in the statute these documents set out a phased approach that must be carried

first question to captain moak, in your written testimony, you stated that commercial operators shouldhold a commercial pilots license and instrument ratings. we heard that the skills are different, significantly different than those to fly a passenger jet. some parts of the curriculum really seem to have little relevance to flying u.s. for example, operators need to master stall and recovery techniques in a cessna if they plan on flying. what would be the relevance there? how would it benefit safety? is there a scientific basis for your recommendation? >> so even on another committee i sat on, we had the air force where they were working initially all their uas pilots over the last several years were coming out of the pilot pipeline. but the need for more operators for the u.s. air force increased, they set up a separate uas track, which you may be familiar with. in that track, they do go through all the basic skills of flying for a couple reasons. one is to understand when they are in the air space and the other is to make sure they are operating the uas properly. so the air force ha

captain lee moak, who is president of airline pilots association. mr. jesse kallman.head of business development and regulatory affairs for airware. dr. nicholas roy and, miss gillan, you are recognized. we welcome your remarks. >> thank you, chairman, for the opportunity to appear before the subcommittee to discuss unmanned aircraft systems. in the faa modernization and reform act, congressman day-to-dayed the safe and efficient integration of the uas into the national air space system. the administrator in announcing his initiative identified integration of uas and commercial space operations as one of his top priorities and we are working hard to meet those mandates. in the act, congress mandated that the secretary of transportation consult with government partners and industry stakeholders to develop a comprehensive plan for uas inteation. both documents have been published. the documents set out a phased approach that must be carried out thoughtfully to ensure safety is not compromised. consistent with congressional direction, we announced six uas sites

. >> captain moak just one final question on this. how are pilots communicating near misses to faa? is there a structured way to do that and are you confident that every near miss that is seen is being reported? >> so if you see one of these you're going to take action to avoid it. you're then going to report it to the controlling authority. so if we're out in the approach corridor, we'll be talking to approach and let them know immediately so that they can make sure someone else doesn't go in the same air space. if we're on the tower frequency we would report it to tower at that time. then on the -- once we're on the ground safely and have gotten to the gate, we have an asep reporting program that we work with in the faa and the companies with. we report it through that so that everybody can know about it. i'm not confident -- i am confident that when someone cease it, we're reporting it. i'm not confident that we're seeing them. because they're very small and, like i was saying earlier, we don't have any indication in the airplane like we do with t-cass with the other aircraft and

the te-moak tribe of western shoshone indians, fort mcdermitt paiute, shoshone ibe, the shoshone-paiute tribe. and the reno sparks indian colony and the pyramid lake paiute tribe. this bill was amended by subcommittee chairman representative don young from alaska to address the administration's concerns about sadge grass habitat. i thank my colleagues, representative markham day and representative don young for their efforts to address these concerns. i support the passage of these bills and i reserve the balance of my time. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman reserves. the gentleman from washington. mr. hastings: thank you, mr. speaker. i'm pleased to yield four minutes to the author of this legislation, the gentleman from nevada, mr. amodei. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman is recognized for four minutes. mr. amodei: thank you, mr. speaker. i want to thank the chairman of the subcommittee for yielding the time. i want to also thank my colleague from california, the ranking member, and also the subcommittee chairman, mr. young from alaska, for processing this bill. i want to a