mr. c. stephen bradford is a law professor at university of nebraska. mr. john coffee jr. is a fro professor at columbia law school. please raise your right hand. do you swear or affirm that the testimony you're about to give will be the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth? all right. thanks. you may be seated. let the record reflect that the witnesses answered in the affirmati affirmative. we have the lights set up for you. they're very simple. red means stop. yellow means hurry up and finish. green means go. we'll give you five minutes to summarize your opening statements. your opening statements, your written statements will be in as part of the record. we'll begin. mr. cartwright, you're recognized for five minutes. >> chairman mchenry, members of the subcommittee. you've honored me with your invitation to appear before you today. i thank for having me. you have my written testimony, and i won't try to rehearse that testimony again here in these brief remarks. instead i want to frame questions and discussions followed by offering my perspective on why the