mr. gainor was an editor at several newspapers including the washington times and the baltimore news america. next, last but not least, daniel francis. mr. francis, dr. francis is a lecturer on law at harvard law school where he writes about regulation and competition. his research focuses on antitrust as well as constitutional and other rules that facilitate, constrained and shaped regulatory action and competitive processes. he has a particular interest in digital in high-tech markets. dr. francis previously served as the federal trade commission as senior counsel to the director associate director for digital markets and ultimately deputy director. another witness that's here with us virtually, hal singer. dr. singer is an economist who has researched, and testified on competition related issues in a wide variety of industries, including media, pharmaceuticals, boards and finance. late last republished a paper commissioned by the news media alliance about the impact of google and facebook on newspapers finding that google and facebook under compensate newspapers for content and advertisin