mr. gorbachev. she's a great philosopher herself. she read philosophy and i think dennis took her around and showed her treasures of the library. she did seem at that time she was a hardline communist, more so than mr. gorbachev. as i wrote in the book, it was much later that i learned that she had reason not to be a hardline communist because her grandfather was a farmer, which is known as a coolack, not enormous farmers, but they'd board other farms and were farming very well. and he had quite a good-sized farm. and starling came, as he went -- his officials went to other people would lend to dispossess them of it at gunpoint. and mrs. gorbachev's grandfather refused. he said no, i have a wife and four children. i employ many people on this farm. we've farmed this farm well. and i'm going to continue to do that. and in accordance with stalin's communism, he was therefore shot. so, mrs. gorbachev's mother was one of the poor children, so she knew the awfulness of communism. >> either one of them sp

well our sophie shevardnadze interviewed mr gorbachev and this is what he said to her about what he thinks his legacy is. i think it is a united world. pursues a world where. the world free of ideological struggle. has to put this is perhaps the most important creating necessary prerequisites in conditions to move them. ok stephen you heard that ok you know and you know got a bunch of extremely well and i would say you know get you both are friends. do you think he's being fair to himself you think fair to reality when his seventy fifth birthday five years ago he had a conference and i gave i gave a paper called there is a new cold war and he became very angry at me because he considers his great achievement certain achievement the ending of the last cold war so if there's a new cold war something went wrong the fact is something went wrong after nine hundred ninety one now we could have a whole separate program remember the soviet union into twenty years ago and yet obama said we have to have a reset which suggests something has gone badly wrong for relational you and i disagree on

thank you mr gorbachev was elected head of state a spirit of change was in the air perestroika was proclaimed to the country. became the first soviet leader to meet people and talk to them directly without speeches prepared beforehand. please be closer to the people who can be closer. however after the so-called stagnation era. efforts were in vain in one nine hundred eighty six after the oil prices plummeted us all revenues fell abruptly at the same time the bulk of the budget was being developed by the defense industry. but this did skew forked within days of gets a statistical fact of callbacks for me true bill eighty eight to be exact was spent on elements that i'm the kountry failed to keep up with the arms race and the economy collapsed in the simplest way to exert pressure was western attempt to economically isolate the soviet union that was was carried out numerous ways there were many items that could not be sold to the soviet union there were restriction less. the seventh of may. stunts his message and the whole campaign above all authorities want to stop the consumption of cheap on

mr. gorbachev," despite the open, friendly relationship. gorbachev reacted in a friendly way.int. he was too friendly to the united states. he was called sometimes a trailer. no one knows. well, that was the thing that happened, but when i spoke for reforms inside the kgb, and my experience that the united states was not a waste of time, i learned that a free country would have several organizations dealing with intelligence and security. the other way is the road to dictatorship, and that is exactly what happened in russia. kgb, no one else. the military intelligence was all infested with kgb. and the defense department as well. in the united states, these five different organizations, and that was my idea, well, i'm very happy to say that it did happen. the russian intelligence service, a russian domestic equivalent to the fbi, half a million altogether now, a small organization. well, of course, the equivalent of the national security agency, i mean all of these people decoding foreign intelligence, all sorts of diplomatic traffic. presidential security service. in the form

mr. gorbachev, tear down this wall. there were fighting in as late as the morning he was delivering the speech. bold leaders want to get the country moving again. they leave a sense of anxiety around people who do not want to move. did not want to take risks or fix things. you have been in situations where you had to get it done. otherwise, it would stay a mess. if we're going to fix this, we'll have several years of rolling up our sleeves together and cleaning this out. this is like spring cleaning. some will be messy, but i think together we will get this done. >> moms are frustrated with this on willingness to compromise. can a bold leader find solutions? >> you don't necessarily have to compromise but you have to find a way to have a win-win system. if i want to get what i need, i have to find out which you need. "i have to have this and i cannot do that." you begin to figure out, is there a formula that breezy together? -- brings you together. senator webb and senator warner are two democrats from virginia. it woul

mr. gorbachev, tear down this wall. they were fighting him as late as the morning he delivered the speech. bold leaders who get the country moving again leave around them a sense of anxiety among people who don't want to move, don't want to take risks, don't want to fix things. you have all been in situation where is you had to get it done. stand you didn't get it done, it was going stay a mess. so i think we're -- if we're going to fix this, we're going to have several years of rolling up our sleeves together and cleaning the place up. it is a little bit like remodeling the house or spring cleaning. some of it will be a little messy and confusing but i think together they will get it done. >> moms are so frustrated now with the unwillingness to compromise in the senate. can a bold leader compromise with other branches of government and find solutions? >> you don't necessarily have to compromise, but you have to find a way to have a win-win situation. if i'm going to get what i need, you're going to find out what you ne

cited there's not a change here is this right mr burton well you said yet test gorbachev while you were the american ambassador you you were a man who didn't didn't have the right to to to make a major mistake so did you have some special trick to to really test gorbachev to know that he's not he's not cino that we're not doing something no there were no tricks at all what i said is my own testing him we said there were no tricks no this was all our policy was a very open one but for example there was an agreement. in the first meeting that we would expand exchanges and include younger people and undergraduates which we not had before that we would have more access to the person so we said all right let's ask for interviews let's ask for that let's propose exchanges and these are all accepted so it was in that sense it was testing how far will he go to open up the country to improve things incoming and at the same time we tried to keep our own policies reasonable one thing about reagan was having been an actor he could put himself in the other person's place let you say how for am i rig

mr. gorbachev, tear down this wall. that was a great moment. when he decided to deploy the persian to the cruise missiles in western europe -- and when he married nancy, i think when newt married nancy. i think that's when we figured out that he was not going to be a celebrity, but instead, he would be president of the united states. and you talked a little ronnie jr., gingrich jr., and he will tell you too that his father, a powerful man who won the cold war was distant. not mean, just a little distant, they didn't really relate really well. but you look, though at when newt -- no, seriously willie. >> you going to defend newt on this? >> no, we're talking movies here and everybody's all american. >> oh, mercy. >> when newt said go out there and win one for the newtster. >> i have newt in my fantasy team. brought it back. took him over aaron rogers. >> the pope. pope john paul might have something to say about that, as well. >> and margaret thatcher. >> jeffrey sachs. >> i was in the polish parliament the day that communism ended in poland, an

mr. gorbachev, tear down this wall." reagan believed the power of truth restated the world and reframed the world. i am a reaganite, i'm proud to be a reaganite. i will tell the truth, even if it's at the risk of causing some confusion sometimes with the timid. >> i think it's important -- >> who's got the better of this argument, congresswoman bachmann? who's got the better of this argument? >> who has the better of this argument? >> yeah. >> in 1974, i went to israel for the first time and i worked on a kibbutz for the summer. and i saw a brand new nation that had begun in 1948 and was making its way into the modernization that we know today. they're a first world nation. i was able to return as a member of congress multiple times, and i also met with fayad in ramallah in the very room that arafat used as his conference room. when i was in there, i had asked fayad about the issue that we were very concerned about, and that's how the palestinians teach their children to hate the jews and call them pigs and swine and des

about replacing the soviet union with something like the european union when you spoke about gorbachev you mr medlock once said i quote it's very unusual to find a leader who will risk his own leadership in order to change the system doesn't work well your boss of that time mr reagan cold called russia the soviet union the evil empire do you personally believe that russia was the evil empire and to gorbachev's wit and he's power to change it or were this it you know wasn't as evil as reagan portrayed it well reagan never well he used that term in one speech and it was a speech to the domestic audience. one thing reagan understood the moment that he did not conflate the soviet union with russia one thing he was very appreciative of russian history he was very respectful of the victory in world war two but we were very much aware of stalin's purges the fact that stalin killed probably as many soviet citizens as hitler did now you're going to be more maybe more now you're going to call that about nine empire well it isn't him higher in the sense that you have various nations many of which taken

mr. gorbachev, tear down this wall." the unconventional mind set that reagan somehow adopted. somehow he saw or felt the transforming nature. a lot of us thoughts it was very helpful. he said we should really go revive strategic defense. we consider an and not revolutionary deterrence. i was amazed november 1985 during the first summit between reagan and gorbachev when the soviet delegation spent 75% of their time in a very agitated nature. i remember taking a side the director of white house communications and saying "don't they understand this is just a presidential speech." after he gave his speech on march 23, the pentagon had done virtually nothing on it. it is just rhetoric. i remember him saying do not tell him that. they think it is a real program. similarly, they became a make or break issue. on that historic monday morning october 1986, they negotiated from 8:00 at night to 6:00 at -- to 6:00 in the morning. i said, we had accomplished more in the night before then we had for seven consecutive years in geneva.

mr. gorbachev, tear down this wall. there were fighting in as late as the morning he was delivering the speech. bold leaders want to get the country moving again. did not want to take risks or fix things. you have been in situations where you had to get it done. otherwise, it would stay a mess. if we're going to fix this, we'll have several years of rolling up our sleeves together and cleaning this out. this is like spring cleaning. some will be messy, but i think together we will get this done. >> moms are frustrated with this on willingness to compromise. can a bold leader find solutions? have toon't necessarily compromise but you have to find a way to have it when one system -- a win-win system. if i want to get what i need, i have to find out which you need. "i have to have this and i cannot do that." you begin to figure out, is there a formula that breezy together? senator webb and senator warner are two democrats from virginia. it would increase revenue of the government and in the state of virginia and it would i

mr. gorbachev at a time when he just survived a military coup. talk us through that because i want to start the narrative at a place we understand what was at play. >> thank you james. it's great to be here and first i want to thank "national journal," george washington university, the nunn school and bill potter who moderated and all the people who made this anniversary possible today. i was in budapest at a meeting actually relating to sort of an east-west dialogue and dave hamburg who is in the audience today was head of carnegie at that time and they sponsored meetings with members of parliament and leaders from the soviet union as well as the united states as well as europe, meeting together. during the middle of the meeting in budapest hungary our russian friends, then so be it friends, got on a plane and went back because gorbachev had been taken captive. it was an attempted coup. about two days later after one of my friends by the name of andre had left, he flew back in an emergency situation, he called me on the phone and by that time go

mr. gorbachev at a time when he just survived a military coup. >> thank you, james. it is great to be here. first i want to thank "national journal", george washington university, bill potter, and all the people that made this anniversary possible. i was in budapest at a meeting relating to an east-west dialog and dave harmburg was head of carnegie and they sponsored a series of meetings with members of parliament and leaders from the soviet union as well as the united states and europe meeting together. during the middle of the meeting, are soviet friends got on a plane and went back because gorbachev had been taken captive. it was an attempted military coup. two days later, after one of my friends had left -- he flew back in an emergency situation -- he called me on the phone. by that time,. >> gorbachev had just been released. yeltsin was the hero. they had gathered around the russian white house. he said, you have to come to russia. i said, i do not have of these. he said, we will have your visa and 30 minutes. nobody in the soviet union has ever done anything an

mikhail gorbachev says if mr. putin resigns now he will be remembered for the good he did while in power. the former soviet leader's words came as demonstrators say that the parliamentary elections that mr. putin's party won earlier this month were rigged. government denies those allegations. it was the large yesterrest show of outrage since the collapse of the soviet union. >>> the president of yemen said he would leave his country for the united states, making the promise after yemeni forces shot and killed nine protesters taking part in an anti- government march. gunmen opened fire on the protesters as they reached the capital of sana. of following the incident president saleh says he will allow the country's unity government to prepare for february elections to replace him elf did not say when he would leave. >>> damning words from iraq's vice president, accusing the government of orchestrating thursday's bowlings that killed almost 70 nem baghdad. vice president al-hashemi said such attacks could note have ha

did gorbachev write that in his memoir? arnold: yes. brian: mr. noriega snorted cocaine when he was in power arnold: yes. brian: were you surprised how much of the drug use you found? arnold: yes, i was. brian: why? arnold: again, i had, coming into this, a bit of awe and scorn, probably a combination of both, but somehow i did not anticipate and expect this much mental, emotional type of problems among them. the amount of mania, the frank craziness of many of them. the pair you yeah was ramp pant. brian: you said 60% of the british prime ministers in the 20th century suffer from depression. asquif, baldwin, balfer, callahan, winston churchhill, bonner, david lloyd george. robert arthur salisbury all suffered from depression. arnold: that's correct. brian: severe, very often? arnold: yes, often severe. again, i was astounded to find that. that there would be that many. in fact, in the book i almost wondered whether being depressed is one of the criteria for becoming a british prime minister. certainly winston churchhill really set the tone. his de

he was annoyed that gorbachev, as much as this was a democratic saying, point mr. j at boris yeltsin who was instrumental in this thing falling apart, when he said was, he called the marshall in another room, supposed to accompany him and bring the two kernels -- he said i am not going over there. you go and collect -- if there are legal problems the government is with us. you go over and collect and if he doesn't come to -- get it sorted out in some other way, let's make the call of the exchange and there was a residence where gorbachev humiliated the point earlier in the perestroika era and gorbachev for once had the upper hand over yeltsin because he had a briefcase. boris yeltsin and can come over a year. the whole thing -- they agreed they witnessed the documents. interestingly this moment not only symbolized but in effect meant the end of the soviet union as a superpower was to be recorded on television but only a set of generals walking away -- they handed over to boris yeltsin and the only witnesses were the cnn crew who filmed the resignation speech y. bra