mr. holzer: certainly among noble element. lincoln when i let this moment go by, and on washington side, the triumphant bit he resisted doing when it would have been premature. mr. holzer:professor gallagher: what about what the audience wanted? they did not get what they wanted. mr. holzer: they got blamed. professor varon: we hear a lot of talk about guerrilla warfare that leverage >>. how much of an option was it. ? professor gallagher: people argue that jefferson davis called for a guerrilla war in a message that i mentioned, but he does not. what he says matt message is that the fall of richmond and feeders but frees the army of northern virginia to take to the field again. he imagines the army of northern virginia unleashed not a guerrilla war of some kind. a guerrilla war is absolutely and-- which is to establish a slaveholding public for stuff you cannot have a slaveholding society with a guerrilla war. i think davis was being misinterpreted, but lee would have none of it anyway. he absolutely said no, it will not chang

mr. holzer: imagine. he is reminded of the irish man who gave up the drink and after a couple of weeks on the wagon, he cannot bear it anymore, so he said, i would like to order a limited, but when my back is turned just slip in a little brandy unbeknownst to me. if jefferson davis is gives unbeknownst to me, that will be fine. professor gallagher: nothing like a good irish stereotype. [laughter] professor varon: so you talked a little bit there about lincoln and grant and lincoln's instructions to grant. let's get to april. early april, the siege line runs from richmond to petersburg, lee and his troops had west, and the troops catch up to him at appomattox courthouse. what happened at appomattox, and as appomattox effectively end the civil war? it is commonplace to observe that appomattox effectively ended the civil war. it does it intoend the civil war, and if so why? to lincoln and lee's minds does it represent the end? ms. leonard: i would say no. actually, depending on how you caf au lait the war an

mr. holzer: press crackdowns occurred throughout the war. i found evidence of one that took place in january 1865 when you think he would have just cooled it already. presbyterian newspapers shut down. kentucky missouri, one of the western border states. someone writes an impassioned letter to lincoln saying please reopen. lincoln ignores the letters just as he had in 1861. then the person denounces him as a tyrant. the question is a good one because i found press suppression, which is a continuing thing during the war, stop in two key periods during the war. in the 1862 congressional campaign and again during the presidential campaign, lincoln and the administration do not put forth the kind of censorship that they enforce at times when there were no campaigns. it is almost as if lincoln believed that the political process is so sacred. he said if we didn't have this election during the war, the rebels could argue that they had already defeated us. he shuts down the new york world earlier in 1864 after he gets the nomination. the world goes

mr. holzer: and the attorney general must have developed an interesting perspective there, too. professor varon: that is a great observation on which to end this morning's panel. i want to remind everyone we will resume probably at 10:15 on the nose, and we encourage you to submit questions for the q&a that is going to happen after panel number two so thank you all very much. [applause] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2015] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and ac >> you are watching american history tv on c-span 3. join the conversation on facebook. >> each week american history tv sits in on a lecture to watch every saturday evening at 8 p.m. and midnight. joseph schwieterman talks about the revelation -- evolution of railroad stations. he talks about how terminals have been closed are redeveloped and the factors that contribute to how the land is reused. he describes what it means for small towns to lose railroad business. this class is about an hour. >> tonight we have a special lecture