mr. magnitsky had not applied for a u.k. visa since the year 2002. and so the pretrial detention was based on a fabrication. once in custody, magnitsky was pressured and tortured by officials hoping we withdraw his testimony and asking him to falsely incriminate himself and his cliend. they placed mr. magnitsky in an overcrowded cell with no window pane payne panes and kept lights on to deprive him of sleep. each time he refused to testify, his conditions worsened as did his health. he lost 40 pounds and developed severe cree atight is and gallstones. one week before a planned operation by detention center doctors, he was transferred to a maximum security detention center with no medical facilities. he spent the next four months of his life without any medical care, all of his requests for medical examination and surgery were denied by the russian government officials. the interior ministry officials managing magnitsky's detention refused family visits as, quote, an expedient to the investigation, unquote. from the time of his arrest magnitsky saw his

mr. magnitsky's death, the chair of president medvedev's human rights council publicly raised magnitsky's death with president medvedev. the next day, the general prosecutor and the justice minister of russia were ordered to investigate the death. the investigation was limited and did not result in any criminal prosecutions. however, on december 28, 2009, the moscow public oversight commission, an independent watchdog, mandated under russian law to monitor human rights abuses in moscow prisons and detention centers issued its conclusions on the magnitsky case. the report stated that in detention, magnitsky had been subjected to torturous conditions, physical and psychological pressure and was denied medical care. moreover, the members of this courageous commission concluded that his right to life had been violated by the russian state, by the russian state. these conclusions were sent to the russian general prosecutor's office, the russian state investigative committee, the russian ministry of justice, the presidential administration and the federal penitentiary service. none of the gover