mrs. reagan, let me say what an -- what a special honor it is for lan and need to be here with you and your family today. nn and need to be here with you and your family today. governor warner, secretary johnson, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, i'm very pleased to visit naval station norfolk and i appreciate the warm welcome. i am sorry to disappoint those that i do not arrive the way the president did recently, on the uss lincoln. next ine when you are port i will try it. to the officers and crew of this base, i bring personal greetings from our commander-in-chief, president george w. bush. [applause] v.p. cheney: for everyone that loves the navy and honors its traditions, and everyone who admires the name and legacy of our 40th president, this is truly a day for celebration. if the purpose of naming an aircraft carrier is to convey the strength and seriousness of this country and our military, then we have certainly accomplished that. something tells me that any potential adversary

mrs. reagan, our nation is so grateful to you. you have shared in your husband's great life, and today you share the hide of this tribute-- pride of this from the people of the united states of america. [applause] v.p. cheney: may this ship find safe passage in all the voyages ahead, and may almighty god watch over the officers and crew of the uss ronald reagan. [applause] >> you're watching c-span's look back at aircraft carrier commissioning ceremonies. president trump speaks for the uss gerald ford. up next, remarks by george w. bush at a ceremony for a ship bearing his father's name. george bush senior also speaks of the event which launched the last nimitz class carrier. howard by two nuclear reactors, it can operate for more than 20 years without feeling, and carries more than 80 aircraft. president bush: i want to thank you all for coming. laura and i are thrilled to help commission an awesome ship, and to honor an awesome man, president george h w bush. [applause] president bush: to prepare for the study i went up to some

. >> president reagan is now much more eager to meet with the new leader of the soviet union. >> mr. gorbachev, tear down this wall. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> in afghanistan today, soviet troops are reported on the move in several areas, but it is also clear the russians are meeting resistance from muslim tribes men and units of afghanistan's army. >> in 1980 the soviet union had moved into afghanistan, it was in nicaragua, it was in the caribbean. there was a feeling that the united states and i felt it, the united states could lose the cold war. >> there was a model of behavior during the cold war, and the way i often described it, it was the red side of the map and blue side of the map, separated by the iron curtain. the rest of the world we competed for. >> that fundamental clash between communism and capitalism, between dictatorship and freedom was the dividing line in the world that people thought would last forever but there was a revolution starting to stir. >> there has been an unexpected development abroad. polish workers in the baltic area are standing firm in their strike against the go

mrs. reagan's major. he "washington post" was horrendous to reagan for pretty often all eight years and his death. "new york times" was not much better. the fact of the matter is that -- but he never really shut them out. he never criticized them. he never went after them. there was a time where he wrote a letter to cal thomas, "the los angeles times" criticized him and he said, well, the "los angeles times" is not my corner. oops. and that was the extent of it. he was -- this is a guy -- he made 55 movies and some of those movies were really bad. but he developed a thick skin through all of this -- much of his career. the radio career, where you would get criticism from the local talent -- so certainly the movie career is that his last movie, "the killers" was widely panned. but the time he is in politics, he has learned to take criticism and not take it too personally. he would let go in his diaries is that -- with people he didn't like or reporters he didn't like, once wrote in his diaries about senator

mr. reagan know that we decided to reverse our decision based on the circumstances. we always do our diligence do make sure associates are treated fairly which is what we've done in the case, but when you and dillon if he'd work for them again, he said no way. >>> a civil war relic should be in a museum right? not used the bring you fresh clean drinking water, that's how bad with the aging water system. some pipes so old they are cracking at the seams. find out what's being fixed what's not and why this tonight's special assignment unit report at 11:00. >>> fire working to save a breckenridge ski resort. a wildfire yesterday is burning four miles away. so far the winds have directed the flames away from the resort but firefighters shaking in direction could spell disas -- say a change in direction could spell disaster for breckenridge. that is quite the sight topper. >>> difficult here not fear but water here. -- fire but water here. >> lots ofive. >> moving our way and a ground is wet and some areas in southern maryland had three, four, five inches of rain this morn

missed by an inch. >> he told mrs. reagan, honey, i forgot to duck. >> what? >> i forgot to duck. when he got into the operating room, he looked at the doctors and he said, please tell me you're republicans. >> reagan relied on this group of advisers. jim baker as his chief of staff, a really skilled, shrewd political insider, ed meese, a counselor to the president, and michael deaver in charge of the media operations. they ran the white house. >> the assassination attempt and aftermath elevated ronald reagan's popularity to a new high. the latest nbc news/associated press poll shows his job rating jumped ten points. >> reagan understood that he was getting this sort of sympathy reaction. everybody was rooting for him all of a sudden because they didn't want him to die. they didn't want to lose a president. so without missing a step, he goes right into what the message is. we've got to get this tax and spending bill passed and we've got to do it now. >> mr. speaker, the president of the united states. >> it was just like the movies. reagan was a true american hero. >> the presiden

mr. reagan it was time to take on that institutional murder of also liberty is known as soviet communism. -- institutional murderer of all liberties known as soviet communism. seven accomplices were named, conceived by the bulgarian secret service. he got to st. peter's square early that morning, probably first arrived around 9:00 a.m., waited all day. on the other side of st. peter's square, one of his accomplices is waiting with a panic bomb that he is going to detonate as soon as the first shoots. that way the bomb will the verge attention from the shooting on the other side. he is concealing a .9 millimeter semiautomatic browning. about 5:00, 5:15 p.m., john paul ii comes riding up in the white fiat pope mobile, kissing babies, say hi to people. comes within a few yards, if you feed of him and goes right past the noblest can see peter's square, where peter, considered the first peter by the roman catholic church, had been martyred almost 2000 years ago, right there in that spot. he's driving by, gets up to the spot, the pistol in the air, fired four times, hit the pope twice, one in t

mr. reagan heard about this over, through cnn, that he was being fired.gry, tendered a letter of resignation, had it hand-delivered to the president. the pled called him on the phone. too late. walked out never to return again. this is a whole lot better than that. >> gosh. well, okay. if you say so. so as, ittains to these generals, dana, the president has said even as a candidate, he loves the generals. respects the generals. however, generals, you know, many military leadership was blindsided, you know, by the transgender proposal that the president tweeted out. so is there -- you know, a real problem here that there might be a verbal message that he respects the generals, but is there an overt message that he might not? >> well, i think that's exactly right. and not just respecting the generals. will anybody be able to have that authority? if anybody's going to have it, it would be somebody like kelly, but what we've seen all along, fred, it's not really a personnel problem in the white house. the main issue is that nobody seems to be able to rein in

mrs. reagan's that was read this for all eight years but "the new york times" was not much better. but the fact of the matter is he never really shut them out or criticize them and since the said not in my quarter and that was the extent of it. he made 55 movies some of them were really bad but he developed a thick skin through much of his career we would get criticism maybe but his last movie was bad but by the time he is in politics he learns to take criticism and not take it too personally and with that go with the diaries of the people he did not like he once wrote in his diaries that he was appalled this and no good fatheaded that he later wrote something nasty. he had his ways to handle those things but he did not do a publicly and in my since he has developed a thick skin i'd like trump who cannot turn away any criticism whatsoever. >> the nobleman in the second row?. >> about six years ago several countries inaugurated the reagan statues. in those anti-communist aspiration is an aspect that is so defining to millions of people does that stand closer to the henry olson versi

you know, how mrs. reaganng american spirits. we were going through a recession. our hostages had been held and this was her way of bringing an elegance and feeling of pride back to the white house. and the thing is, of course, you know, the rollout of her clothes and the china. >> very expensive. >> how did she respond to it? a year later she made fun of it in a self-deprecating way, made fun of herself, by dressing in hand-me-down clothes and singing at a major white tie event. >> if you're advising the first lady now for her to get comfortable in that role, six months in, what are you telling her? >> one first thing you want to say is be yourself. what we saw on the world stage which was the longest period of time we actually saw mrs. trump in public many those nine day on her foreign visit, this is where my sense of it was. you know, being a global citizen, being born in a foreign country, being an american for only ten years, speaking several languages shows an amazing level. she did a great job in repres

>> rockefeller is a difficult one because they were personal friends, they like each other and mrs. reaganreally like nelson rockefeller, they worked together in 1968 . to stop richard nixon from getting the nomination, they were that concerned about nixon as president of the united states . >> i want to begin by thanking bill, always a pleasure to host things with bill and like to thank all of our panelists, and finally to offer my congratulations to henry olsen, a good friend henry olsen for this new book and please buy books. there for sale and hendry, they will all be here to autograph their books if they would like to. thank you so much for coming. [applause] >> [inaudible conversations] >> booktv is on twitter and facebook and we want to hear from you. tweet us twitter.com/booktv or post a comment on our facebook page, facebook.com/booktv. >> up next on "after words" syndicated columnist naomi klein discusses current politics in her book "no is not enough: resisting trump's shock politics and winning the world we need." she's interviewed by medea benjamin cofounder of code pink.

how mrs. reagan handled it, she came at a time when we were uplifting american spirits. we were going through a recession, hostages had been held, and this was her way of bringing in elegance and a feeling of pride back to the white house. and the thing is, of course, the rollout of her clothes and china, how did she respond to it? a year later she made fun of it in a self-deborprecating way by wearing hand me down-clothes and singing at a white house event. >> if you're offering advice to first lady, what are you telling her? >> one of the things we want to say is be yourself. for longest period of time we saw mrs. trump in the nine days on foreign visit, this is where it was -- my sense of it was, being a global citizen, being born in a foreign country, only being an american for ten years, speaking different languages, really showed an amazing comfort level and i think did a great job representing the country and being on the global stage. >> we sometimes forget how influential first ladies are. >> they really are, and they're patriots. and one thing, you'll never hav

mr. chairman. reagan member, it's an honor to be asked to appear before you on an important issue to our national security. the evidence of the icbm threshold has triggered greater advocacy for u.s. printed military attack to prevent north korea from obtaining its objective. the preemptive attacks on test flights the two that clearly poses security risk could trigger an all out war with catastrophic consequences. while the u.s. should be steadfast its defenses of his territory and allies, it should save a preemptive military strike for a minute north korea attacked. conversely, others push for returning negotiations. but, we have been down that path before and all were unsuccessful. north korea placed several agreements to another and have agreements. and then they promised to give up the weapons they never built in the first place. the u.s. and allies offered economic developments. diplomatic recognition, declaration of non- hostility, turning a blind eye to violations, and not implementing u.s. laws. by

mr. speaker, the president of the united states. >> it was just like the movies. reagane american hero. >> the president looking very jovial, very healthy. >> i was seated in the well of the house there when he was addressing congress. it was magic. everybody was so grateful that his life had been spared. it was a stirring moment. >> if he wants them to stop, they're not going to stop for a while. >> they handed president reagan and the republicans a major victory. for the second time in his drive to cut the federal budget, president reagan got what he wanted by a house controlled by the opposition party. >> reagan comes off with a victory in congress and the recovery from the assassination attempt looking very strong, very bold. like a very determined leader. >> good evening. the strike began as scheduled at 7:00 local time this morning. its impact immediate. many flights delayed. many more cancelled. >> the air traffic controllers worked terrible hours. they were underpaid. they wanted a big raise. they didn't get what they wanted. they said we're going to go out on st

mr. reagan's strategic defense star wars and said it was impossible because it would be hitting a bullet with a bullet. but, mr. chairman, today we not only hate bullet with a bullet, we hit a dot on the side of a bullet with a bullet -- hit a bullet with a bullet, we hit a dot on the side of a bullet with a bullet. it's important to defeat this amendment for the sake of the constitution, for the sake of the united states of america. i yield back. ms. granger: i urge rejection of this amendment. the chair: does the gentleman reserve? the gentleman reserves the balance of his time. the gentleman from illinois has one minute remaining. mr. foster: all right. i'd like to point out that ronald reagan never illuminated the possibility of this to the american public, because the possibility never existed. what we have today is not a missile defense system. it is -- it has failed in the great majority of tests. it has been tested against a very small fraction of the countermeasures that are elementary to the play against it. and i hope that no one involved in the missile defense system is tellin

>> i actually believed it was emblematic to the speech that president reagan gave with mr.all. it is a huge issue. he stated with uneh 85ical clarity the article five of nato. it is very clear that what president obama did or not do, the stern talking he gave to in september apparently didn't take. and it is clear that president trump is very clear in his stance on this. and i do believe he will bring serious issues when he meets with vladimar putin. >> lou: i get a kick out of the left wing comment attors that are obaliffous and the europeans utter dependency on russia for energy and the fact that the trump administration is moving to be able to recognize transport lndp gas to europe to offset that dependency, this administration is making critically important and trade moves to change the allegorithim that is the russia/european/american relationship. >> right, that is the key. several said last year, best thing obama could do is help export all energy to turp to help the europeans become independent. and i heard that folks say uncharacteristic of trump. i don't think peo

think any american official, maybe with the exception of ronald reagan, really thought that mr. gorbachev would tear down the wall. to bee precisely allow it torn down. by the people of east germany. before we run out of time i want to make one other point. while we focus on the reagan speech and we focus on the wall coming down as it did and we focus as we should, on the diplomacy that immediately followed that. the discussions between the then east germans and the officials in bonn and the allies, -- weing the soviets focus on the german-american cooperation which made the reunification of germany possible -- the cooperation .etween george bush and kohl what we don't focus on enough is the tremendous effort and sacrifice and courage and optimism that the german people showed to the whole decade of the 1990's into this century into creating a remarkably successful unified germany. what an achievement. what an achievement. a country that is now in public opinion polls, is always the most respected country in the world. a country that has developed a functioning social market eco

mr. president. president ronald reagan used to say that people are policy. attacking a new president's policies therefore often includes undermining his ability to appoint his or her -- his or her ability a month men and women to lead his administration. the constitution gives to the president the power to appoint executive branch officials. the senate has the power of advice and consent, as a check on that appointment power. in the early months of the obama administration, senate democrats were clear about how we should carry out our role in the appointment process. less than two weeks after president obama took office, the judiciary committee chairman said he wished that the senate could have put the new justice department leadership in place even more quickly. just three months into president obama's first term, the chairman argued that, quote, at the beginning of a presidential term, it makes sense to have the president's nominees in place earlier rather than engage in needless delay. unquote. actions speak much louder than words. with a republican in th

there's always a sliver of hope because, you know, when ronald reagan said mr. gorbachev, tear down that wall, i don't think he really thought it was going to happen. authoritarian regimes are brittle. they are brittle and putin is right now in a position to rule because there is no organized opposition to him and is making sure of that. a few weeks ago, people flooded into the streets of moscow to protest corruption. bill online, bloggers are still protesting government actions. the russian people are different than they were in the soviet union. when i went to moscow in 1979, they never looked at you. now they travel, they send their kids to study abroad. even middle russian spoil their children at toys "r" us and putin is not their guy. somewhere along here, someone might emerge to be a focal point for that constituency. but before we get too carried away with the liberal russia, the other potential opposition could come from within the harder right because there isn't even more ultra- alter orthodox kind of site that even putin tries to keep under control. s

mrs. thatcher had "cleared the way for president reagan to use british basis to launch a massive new attack on libya." another from ap -- italian premier told reporters saturday, april 12 in milan, i do not believe there will be a military intervention there before monday. same evening, nbc nightly news -- by monday, the diplomatic lobbying tour will be complete , and administration sources indicate that means a strike could come as early as tuesday. washington post -- after consulting conservative prime minister john schrock by telephone, it was decided to deny the american request and the french refusal was communicated to washington the following morning, saturday, april 12. in the day before the bombing, nbc nightly news -- administration officials say the president is moving toward a decision about whether to make it retaliatory strike against libya, and white house officials confirm the president will have a special, national security meeting tomorrow to evaluate the today the president conferred , with vice president bush, secretary of state schulz, both of them are believed to favor

mr. president, she is not a woman. she is an agent, a professional, and you have to allow her to do her job. but reagan was very reluctant and i can't imagine everybody saying anything like that about donald trump. reagan was a populist, an american conservative. he was committed to his principles but also flexible. he was kind, he was thoughtful. not always thoughtful but more so than most men. and don't opportunity to me for evidence of reaganies importance to american history. john patrick digins, the official historian of the american left in the 20th 20th century, wrote booked about the labor movement, about the civil rights movement, about the environmental movement. his last book -- actually he had been in berkley in the '60s and done bat ofle with then governor reagan of the free speech movement andrides in berkeley. rhetorical battle, not physical battle. his last book its called "ronald reagan fate, freedom and me making of history" and in this book this, liberal historian, rates ronald reagan as one of the four greatest presidents, comparing to george washington, lincoln and roosevelt becaus

mr. carter showed a flash of anguish once. a. >> we knew that reagan had won the election. d es that. a certain gloating that they were responsible for jimmy carter's defeat. >> mr. carter is burning the midnight oil. he's doing it here in his last night in kaesh. >> up until the last moment right before he has to shake kennedy's hand he's doing everything he can to get the hostages home. >> jimmy carter was perceived in iran as the ultimate ally of the s shah. >> that i will faithfully execute the office -- >> we had to wait until ronald reagan had taken the oath of office before the plane was allowed to fly to algiers. everything was delayed despite the agreement to make sure that jimmy carter didn't get any credit for the freedom of the hostages. >> jimmy carter left andrews air force base outside of washington to go home to georgia. >> luck is a big factor in a presidency. jimmy carter had some very bad luck. >> because of the blowback from vietnam and watergate, it will be recognized that jimmy carter inherited a situation that was almost completely unmanageable. >> a f

here's a shot of him meeting president reagan for the first time, and here he is with the president and mrssh. but that's not the first time vance met the first president bush. they actually went fishing together. here's what vance said about their excursion back then. >> you don't see much of us actually fishing because the press pool boat couldn't get close enough. i was supposed to take pictures. quite frankly, i never shot a frame because when one is fishing with the shooting pictures when there's fish to be caught. and there were fish to be caught. and we caught them. i had the time of my life. the president said he had a good time too, and i think he meant it. >> vance has also talked with both president and mrs. obama. some of his questions were serious conversation. others took a lighter turn. >> just a couple of miles from here, thousands of people, a lot of them black men, who are in another struggle for their lives, for dignity, don't have a job, can't find a job, don't have skill sets to even get one and keep one if educational background -- if they could. what do you tell those

timely and most effective speech given by an american president on european oil since ronald reagan said mr, tear down this wall. really understand polish and central european history. it called out russia. he still didn't call russia by name. just to give you one example. he mentioned forest, in the beginning of world war ii, massacre, soviet security force forces, executed in cold blood 10 to 15,000 pow's and other references to polish fight for freedom and i will tell you, no nation on earth has fought longer and harder for freedom than poland. they know where the threat is. the threat is from the east and president trump to his credit said we worry about threats from the south and the east. we will see where that goes tomorrow with putin. charles: you bring up the intellectuals, pow's that they attempt today wipe out. president trump making mentioning of historic figures in poland, history and branching out further to europe in general preserving its culture. did you like that part of the speech and do you think that echos beyond poland itself? >> this is a perfect speech that i've hear

mr. trump. i know you probably have more questions, but i keep thinking about ronald reagan when he found out the law had been broken, the money coming out of the sale of weapons to riern, it was being channelled to nicarag nicaragua, and that was against the law, once he found out it was against the law, he gave a speech. >> is there any chance that they would not let the russian government know or get their blessing? >> it is clear from the e-mail where the meeting was questioned and she was referred tos ha as russian government lawyer, that she was bringing something she had been given by the russian government. this informs is what she was supposed to show up with. we know from one of the additional people, that we just found out is in the meeting, this russian american, that there was some kind of folder given to donald trump junior with that information. >>. >> so i want to ask you about that information. would that make sense in this case? a meeting like this. he was trying to see how far they could get. >> they would probably try to work up to a relationship. to the big thing they may wan

stuart: can you compare the press reaction to your father, ronald reagan's, speech like mr.ion here in america to the poland speech of last week? can you compare and contrast the two? >> well, what's interesting is, is the fact that too many people today in today's media believe history began this morning when they got out of bed. they have no reason to look back and say why did the polish people really embrace that speech. and if i take you back to a breakfast on that morning of november 9, 2009, sitting with then-president of poland and him looking at me, before he even says good morning to me, through his interpreter says why did your president take away our missile defense system? and i looked at him, and i said, well, i'm not really the person to ask. maybe you need to ask vladimir putin, because i believe he is the one that got america to take that away. and he agreed with me on that. and later on that day at the reception of after all the ceremonies about freedom, the ambassador to poland from czech chased me down at the event and asked me the very same question, why

mr. rrington: thank you, speaker. before it was cool to quote ronald reagan's national security philosophy of peace through strength, there was our first commander in chief, george washington, and in his first state of the union address he said, to be prepared for war is one of the most effectual means of preserving peace. see, maintaining a strong national defense is not a new concept. while more war has been averted, more peace has been kept, more freedom has been defended by our nation's armed services, today we risk not only our nation's security but the lives of those who serve. if we fail to adequately fund our military, the policies and posture of the past eight years under the previous administration have left our defense arsenal delapidated, our position in the world diminished, our allies doubtful and unfortunately our enemies even more determined. our military men and women have faced years of cuts, almost a quarter of our entire military budget with defense spending at historic lows, over $170 billion since 2010. so as the world becomes increasingly dangerous and unstable, the government has forced our armed s

mr. president, he can't come to phone he is at the zoo and president reagan said wait until he sees the zoo reagan white house looks like the kennedy school. >> if the arrival of a marine four-star means these are better days ahead, do you think, indira, the bill for dysfunction kind of came due this past week. >> look, i think it's a great idea that general kelly is supposed to come in and restore order. but it's like the idea of rearranging the deck chairs on the titanic when it is halfway under water. it really doesn't make any sense. there is no amount of order that he can possibly restore to a dysfunctional white house, everybody is infighting with one another when it's the president himself who is encouraging in infighting, who encouraging scaramucci to give an interview like he did, apparently with his blessing he gave the insults about reince priebus to ryan lizza of "the new yorker." when you have someone at the top allowing his -- his staff members to act like contestants on "the apprentice" then one of them is going to get axed after week. we saw sean spicer beginning the week ou

mr. carter showed a flash of anguish only once when he said his wife had see a majority of preachers the morning to put a true christian in the oval office. >> we knew that reaganction. the iranians told us that. a certain gloating feeling that they were responsible for jimmy carter's defeat. >> mr. carter is back in his office burning the midnight oil. and perhaps that's characteristic of the jimmy carter presidency. he's doing it here on his last night in washington. >> up until the last moment, right before he actually has to shake ronald reagan's hand during reagan's inauguration, jimmy carter is doing everything he can do get those hostages home. >> jim ji carter was perceived in iran as the ultimate ally to the shah and they didn't want to give any rewards to jimmy carter. >> we had to wait until ronald reagan had taken the oath of office before the plane was allowed to fly out of teheran to algiers to make sure that jimmy carter didn't get any credit for the freedom of the hostages. everything was delayed. >> it was a bitter sweet moment as jimmy carter left the air space to go home to georgia. >> luck is a big factor in a presidency. and jimmy carter ha

reagan. one time he pulled me aside and said mr. nixon had a pretty good foreign-policy.was richard nixon? let me tell you a story writing good things about richard nixon he wanted an interview and got to me and i told mr. nixon you should do it. writers don't take notes, they just sit there and listen and re-create it. if he would have been a new dealer rather than when heated in the postwar era affected who he was, he wasn't against government action, didn't believe they should rely on it and use the government that needed it. so nixon came to power in the gop in 1946 in the cold war these were the issues that initially made him and defined him from the alger hiss case, the battles against adlai stevenson. in 68 he had moved on to a much broader vision of the world and i do think that it was a touch of woodrow wilson this idea that he could create a generational piece. he generally believed that and so in the domestic policy for the issues like epa if he felt it could do good for the people, he was not adverse to that and a lot of the programs will see indicate that. he

reagan and the george h.w. bush ut white house. what do you make of this. >> it's not a surprise. mr.picer lost the confidence of the president and he couldn't stay in that role anymore. now you have a new communications director and he was going to be basically put into a closet and do talking points. it's no surprised that he left. it was only a matter of time. >> you have done this job. you have seen -- how do you characterize how sean spicer did the job? what does it say about the divisions in the trump white house? you have got jared and ivanka pushing the new guy, anthony scaramucci. reince priebus looks on the outs. it looks like a disaster. >> well, it's an audience of one. i think that the president didn't think that mr. spicer was defending him and appropriately putting his messages forward and he felt compelled to do it him on his twitter. i'm not sure anybody can live up to what the president's expectations are. being the communications director is a big job arc hard job. >> he has to have relationships with the press even if it is, you know, not the best one at this point

mr. buchanan: people have asked me to write another book. you know, i'm just not sure. i'm not sure. i don't know exact -- once i got this done, i thought about a slim book with reagan. i just don't -- you know, as a man said, i've said what i came to say. brian: so you've done everything you wanted to do? mr. buchanan: well, yeah, i feel very fortunate to even be around. brian: you had open heart surgery at one point? mr. buchanan: sure, it was right after the california primary in 1992. the guy said why are you staying in the -- the doctor told me i had to go into open heart surgery after the primaries that you couldn't last -- this was the surgery that made me so nervous that gave me the post war speech to think that i even had the energy to do it. brian: what was wrong with the heart? >> it started to deteriorate. the doctor said it will get worse, worse, worse. and you get the valve in -- just as it makes the turn. brian: you mentioned bill sapphire earlier and i want to show folks bill sapphire just talking about the writing. and the new york times hired him to be a columnist. i want to put him in context with your brand of conservatism. >> the top layer is patr