mr. rohrabacher is recognized for his questions. >> thank you, mr. chairman. were talking about space debris and nearer thought chicks. it seems to me that these two issues are not just american issues and when were talking about the cost of all of this, what are we talking about in terms of over a 20 year period the cost of actually coming up with a system of deflection and the cost of actually making the determination with was heading in our direction? >> mr. rohrabacher, you can give you an estimate. we do it incrementally, so we believe we have to detect and characterize first and then concern ourselves as dr. holdren said that the mitigating action or deflection action. we have two concepts. one is about three quarters of a billion dollars port infrared-based sensors that is placed in space, something that orbits of venus releases in geosynchronous orbit. b-6 12 is about half a billion dollars, so we are roughly in that range. >> just for that one sensor? >> to try to put something in space that would help us identify and characterize. all three of us agr

mr. rohrabacher who is the ranking member on europe, eurasia and emerging threats. >> thank you very much mr. chairman. and i'd like to thank you personally as well as thank chairwoman ros-lehtinen for the strong leadership that both of you have provided on this issue of korea. i remember many years ago when i first was elected and became a member of this committee, there was a debate as to what policies we should have come and the six-party talks and how much, and whether we're going to give north korea aid or not. can someone fill me in, we see here that south korea has given north korea $10 billion in aid over the years, the data states has provided food and oil -- the united states has provided food and oil. how much we provided north korea in that type of assistance? anyone on the panel have a number? >> i could just put out, on the food, i think the u.s. is the greatest donor nation on humanitarian food aid for extended period of time for north korea. and on the fuel, heavy fuel oil pursuant to the agreed framewo framework, we provided significant amounts of heavy fuel oil -- >> i k

mr. rohrabacher who is the ranking member on eurasia and emerging threats. >> i would like to thank you personally as well as the chairwoman for the strong leadership that both of you have provided on this issue. i remember many years ago when i first became a member of this committee there was the debate what policies we should have and the six-party talks and whether we are going to give north korea a and or not. we see here that south korea has given $10 billion in a over the years. the united states has provided food and oil and fuel how much have we provided north korea in that type of assistance? anyone on the panel have a number on that? >> i think the u.s. is the greatest donor nation on the humanitarian food and extend period and the development corporation we have significant amounts. >> both of them are significant. what are we talking about billions of dollars of food and oil? >> we are close to that. >> according to the congressional research, a little over a billion. >> an issue of an oil. so we have provided over a billion dollars of food and oil over these last few years. let me ju

rohrabacher. >> thank you very much, mr. chairman. i'd like to thank you personally as well as thank chairwoman ileana ros-lehtinen for the strong leadership that both of you have provided on this issue of korea. i remember many years ago when i was first elected and became a member of this committee, there was the debate as to whether or not -- what policies we should have and the six-party talks and how much -- and whether we were going to give north korea aid or not. can someone fill me in, we see here that south korea has given north korea $10 billion in aid. over the years the united states has provided food and oil and fuel for north korea. how much have we provided north korea in that type of assistance? do we have -- anyone on the panel have a number on that? >> i can put up on the food, i think the u.s. was the greatest donor nation on humanitarian food aid for an extended period of time to north korea and on the heavy fuel oil, pursuant to the aagreed framework, with the energy development corporation, we provided significan