toomey. >> thank you, mr. chairman. madame chairman, thank you very much for being here. welcome on the the first visit in your new role. >> thank you. >> you know, i've been very concerned about this, our monetary policy for some time. i wonder if you could, for the committee, give us a sense of how you would quantify the benefits that the economy has enjoyed, assuming you believe there are benefits, from this unprecedented environment that we've been engaged in. a lot of reputable economists look at traditionally understood mechanism to be asset priced inflation, translating to more spending and the quantification of that gives some very, very modest numbers. i want to know how you get the benefits for the easing that we've had. >> so i don't have a quantitative estimate that i can present to you today. there are a range of estimates in literature. you know, we hit the so-called zero in december of 2008. we lowered the feds overnight interest rate target to zero. standard rules like the taylor rule would have called for more accommodation. rules like that is said we sho