mr. sien: we will start with steve twomey. mr. twomey: he raised several points.e did break japan's diplomatic code and had been reading the messages between tokyo and washington for about a year. at no time were there any indications in those messages that pearl harbor itself was a .arget for an attack there would be no reason for the foreign ministry to be telling its ambassadors in washington that the war was coming and where it would start, particularly given the confusion within the japanese government about who was doing what. the second point he raised was regarding aircraft carriers. this is often cited as evidence that somebody do something was coming. -- new something was coming. the two aircraft carriers based in pearl harbor were away on december 7. they had each been dispatched on specific missions. they were behaving like fedex, carrying airplanes to american outposts in the pacific. they were not told to get out of the harbor because anyone believed an attack was coming. it was coincidence. extremelyfact fortunate. the third aircraft carrier was on

mr. twomey? >> guest: i would only say this, there's a terrific book -- and it's not mine finish.ghter] called "war without mercy" about how savage the war in the pacific was on both sides. there were, certainly, racial beliefs on both sides that contributed to just enormous atrocities, far more than in eui >> at the. >> i highly recommend thend book to you for a further discussion just how awful that was. >> gave veteran from worldld war two from austin texas go-ahead. >> caller: there was always stockbridge it was the day of infamy but i could never understand why we were having blackouts on the island of about six or eight months before the attack actually came one? >> host: where reuse stationed in world war ii and what year? >> 19 -- through 1941. >> i would be 97 in january. t >> host: thanks about contributing to the. >> the of routinely practiced prior to december december 7th as exactly that.preparations hall ye had gone through a separation in terms of possible inflation over months. one of the aspects that was the most interesting is howw militarized hawaii was prior to

mr. twomey? >> guest: i would only say this, there's a terrific book -- and it's not mine finish.[laughter] called "war without mercy" about how savage the war in the pacific was on both sides. there were, certainly, racial beliefs on both sides that contributed to just enormous atrocities, far more than in europe, i think. and it's a fascinating book. i'm blanking on the name of the author, i think it's john dower -- [laughter] who just got a good plug. but i highly recommend that book to you for further discussion of just how awful that war was. >> host: albert is on the line, a veteran of world war ii from houston, texas. hi, albert. please go ahead. >> caller: hi. there was always this talk that roosevelt said it was a day of infamy and so on and so forth, but i could never understand why we were having blackouts on the island of oahu about six or eight months before, before the attack actually came. >> host: now, albert, where were you stationed during world war ii? >> guest: hickum until '41. >> host: how old are you, sir, may i ask? >> caller: i'm 96, i'll be 97 in january.

mr. twomey? >> guest: i would only say this, there's a terrific book -- and it's not mine finish. [laughter] called "war without mercy" about how savage the war in the pacific was on both sides. there were, certainly, racial beliefs on both sides that contributed to just enormous atrocities, far more than in europe, i think. and it's a fascinating book. i'm blanking on the name of the author, i think it's john dower -- [laughter] who just got a good plug. but i highly recommend that book to you for further discussion of just how awful that war was. >> host: albert is on the line, a veteran of world war ii from houston, texas. hi, albert. please go ahead. >> caller: hi. there was always this talk that roosevelt said it was a day of infamy and so on and so forth, but i could never understand why we were having blackouts on the island of oahu about six or eight months before, before the attack actually came. >> host: now, albert, where were you stationed during world war ii? >> guest: hickum until '41. >> host: how old are you, sir, may i ask? >> caller: i'm 96, i'll be 97 in january

mr. twomey has a different opinion about mr. kimmel, one thing that upsets me greatly is after he receive his war warning, the ships are still there with the youngest member as i board and only one boiler mitt, which means most only the dome hasn't electricity to defend. thes and i thought out of all the things mr. kimmel could have done, he could have done that. >> host: bob in lincoln, nebraska. hi, bob. >> caller: hello. miss hotta already answered my primary can he about the education system over -- what was being taught about the war. have to go to my backup question, regarding the doolittle raids. after the doolittle took off and, quite frankly, damaged, but political -- what was the political thinking after the doolittle raid and repercussions up the chain of command how they let the bombers attack tokyo. >> well, in america it was considered a great victory because we had not had a world war ii victory yet on our team, on any of the allies. we had not had much happy news so it wag taken very well. in japanese it was take

mr. twomey has a different opinion about mr. kimmel than me. after he receives his war warning, the ships are still sitting there with its youngest members ea board and only one boiler lit which means that most of them don't even have he can terrorist to defend themself, and i thought out of all the things mr. kimmel could have done, he could have at least done that. >> host: bob's in lincoln, nebraska. hi bork -- hi, bob. >> guest: hello. has ms. hotta already answered my primary question about a half hour ago over the education system over -- what was being taught about the war, so i'm going to have to go to my backup question regarding the doolittle raids. after the doolittle took off and did, quite frankly, insignificant damage, but what was the political, what was the political thinking after the doolittle raids, and what was the repercussions up the chain of command as far as how they let those bombers attack tokyo? >> guest: well, in america it was considered a great victory because we had not had a world war ii victory yet on our team,