mr. vedder, and i read and listen to you with great interest on what you conclude what your position is very similar to what mr. clegg said yesterday as did stephen aaron's drum. i agree there is individuals that may not want to go to college and may not be right for college do you not tend to make blanket statements in your concluding remarks when minority shouldn't try for this because they'll be disappointed in you point to the fact the wealth gap has not been narrowed for blacks and whites the 1960s. and then you say become the higher education not prepared because the system k-12 didn't prepare them well. you blame a community for a playing field sat by discrimination in the past and present as fabian sasser eloquently put it yesterday to mr. clegg on this point, the fact that wealth is a huge divide particularly with african-american communities up until the 1950s they were prohibited from purchasing asset of a home which by and large is the main asset for minorities because of discrimination. when you look at school system the communities find themselves in they are based on communiti

mr. vedder. >> thank you. i'm technologically inept. i only have a phd. presentation is expanded into a written statement. it is conventional wisdom that greater participation in higher education is necessary for economic achievement of the american dream and it's true on average americans with four-year degrees going to magically more than a high school education and the differential is a good deal larger today than i was at the time the civil rights act of made teen 64 pass. that said my message today is higher education is no panacea for eliminating disparities between individuals and group characteristics such as race and gender. a further drive to increase educational attainment among minority groups will likely lead to disappointment as in some sense. let us look at in 1970 for every hundred white and american colleges as 11 blacks. by 2013 there were 25 a dramatic growth and educational access by african-americans. the narrowing of income differentials between blacks and whites has been very modest. black household income rose by 2% to five percent