mr. von spakovsky said, yes, we have section 2 of the voting rights act.he problem with section 2 is two-fold. section 2 cases are extremely expensive and time-consuming to litigate. most individuals do not have access to those kinds of dollars and economic power and to lawyers to enable them to litigate those cases. but, number 2, section 2 is a provision of the voting rights act that one does not get to invoke until after the damage has been done, unlike under section 5 where a voting change had to come before the department of justice before it went into place. under section 2, you don't challenge a law until it has already gone into effect. and we all know that with respect to voting, you don't get a do-over. he elections take place on the day that they take place. once it happens, there may be other remedies in place to try to assist voters or to try to make voters whole again. but you can never give a voter another opportunity to recast that ballot. and that's the probably with only relying on section 2. >> today's conversation, the first in a series