mr. willrich, go ahead.st: i went to grab onto one particular aspect of what the colleges said, which is important -- the caller just said, which is important, which is that historically, and i am talking about the 19th century and the early 20th century, public health measures were very frequently carried out anyway that was discriminatory, discriminatory on the basis of class, race, ethnicity, so that in the african-american community, for example, smallpox vaccination mandates were carried out with force, coercion. similarly, in immigrant working class communities in american cities, among native americans, areas of the u.s. during the period. the problem was more one of neglect of delivery of vaccines during that period and making them available. the caller also referred to a very old technology or approach to creating community from smallpox called inoculation. this was using vaccine material or pus from a smallpox sore, putting live smallpox virus into the body which could produce a very strong reactio

mr. willrich, go ahead.: i went to grab onto one particular aspect of what the colleges said, which is important -- the caller just said, which is important, which is that historically, and i am talking about the 19th century and the early 20th century, public health measures were very frequently carried out anyway that was discriminatory, discriminatory on the basis of class, race, ethnicity, so that in the african-american community, for example, smallpox vaccination mandates were carried out with force, coercion. similarly, in immigrant working class communities in american cities, among native americans, areas of the u.s. during the period. the problem was more one of neglect of delivery of vaccines during that period and making them available. the caller also referred to a very old technology or approach to creating community from smallpox called inoculation. this was using vaccine material or pus from a smallpox sore, putting live smallpox virus into the body which could produce a very strong reaction