they hear mrna, they hear messenger mrna but if i am not mistaken, mrna vaccines had never been used clinical use before. i would love you to talk about what you spotted early on, how you moved things, but the role mrna plays during this time. >> in general, myself and our entire team were thinking covid is an issue that concerns scientists. . we were very concerned -- [indiscernible] we were worried about our people maintaining their jobs read we set up a task force that was following very closely and what do we do next? in february it started becoming clear to me this might go outside of time. i went two days before this meeting and it was canceled because of covid. that was, for me, an alarm went off. i realized that are serious. i took a plane and i wrote down the priorities i felt that the company would have an the first was -- i think i have this piece of paper -- we have to protect the safety of our people. the second was we need to make sure we maintain the supply of critical medicines to people. hospitals were overwhelmed and we were wanting to be a supplier. i was thinking

the mrna.na. paul, sarah asks how long after _ much as the mrna. paul, sarah asks how long after your _ much as the mrna. paul, sarah asks how long after your second _ much as the mrna. paul, sarah asks how long after your second dose - much as the mrna. paul, sarah asks how long after your second dose can | how long after your second dose can you receive your booster? weill. you receive your booster? well, toda it you receive your booster? well, today it is _ you receive your booster? well, today it is six — you receive your booster? well, today it is six months, - you receive your booster? well, today it is six months, 182 - you receive your booster? well, today it is six months, 182 days| you receive your booster? well, i today it is six months, 182 days but tomorrow it will be three months or about 91 days. so that's a big change bring it down from six months to three months, but i'm not entirely sure when that will be implemented. but we have got a lotta people who are already queuing for

initial production could provide more mrna coded vaccines for the world. the goal of this program is to expand existing capacity by the additional one billion doses per year with production starting by the second half of 2022. this program would also help us produce doses within six to nine months of identification of the future pathogen and ensure enough vaccines for all americans. it would combine the expertise of the u.s. government in basic scientific research with the robust ability of pharmaceutical companies to manufacture mrna vaccines. we hope companies step up and act quickly to take us up on this opportunity. and set us up to react quickly to any future pandemic threats. we know vaccination is our best way to accelerate the pack out of the pandemic and taking a look at the data, we know the president's plan is producing results. any percent of americans have at least one shot. 10% of kids have their first shot just 10 days into our program being at all strength. 250 million doses donated and delivered to the world. we know there is more work to

the current guidance is to get the mrna i guidance is to get the mrna vaccines, that is pfizer or modernae mrna vaccines. intent of data, you — canada, on the mrna vaccines. intent of data, you mentioned _ canada, on the mrna vaccines. intent of data, you mentioned there - canada, on the mrna vaccines. intent of data, you mentioned there is - canada, on the mrna vaccines. intent of data, you mentioned there is some crossing over via the placenta to offer babies protection. what other data do we have of the vaccine protecting the babies? the data su: nests protecting the babies? the data suggests the vaccine _ protecting the babies? the data suggests the vaccine is - protecting the babies? the data suggests the vaccine is nearly i protecting the babies? the data i suggests the vaccine is nearly 9096 suggests the vaccine is nearly 90% effective in pregnancy, similar to non—pregnant adults, and we also know that the antibodies cross the placenta, so babies are born with antibodies from the mother. and also, we know that women who breast—feed have antibodies in the breastmilk. so breast-feed

a mrna?a: they are basically taking an experimental animal or synthetic cell and making it produce antibodies about the spike protein of the virus. there is not a genetic element to it in the sense that you are not getting an jetix -- injected with mrna. but it is important to remember that with those people who do not want the mrna vaccines we have a johnson & johnson vaccine that is not mrna, many people do not take advantage of that. it is just general opposition to the vaccine, not the mrna vaccine because we would see more people lining up for the j&j vaccine. >> given the fact that we are seeing a surge, we are also seeing the surge in europe, you think that lockdowns are appropriate? dr. adalja: i do not think they are. if you are going into a lockdown you have a failure of all other policies. using lockdowns in an era of rapid test does not make sense. it is not surprising you are seeing a backlash in europe and it will only get worse. what new york should be doing is encouraging vacc

do you continue to address new problems with mrna?e are having the first horizons in the mrna technology, developing vaccine for more infectious diseases. we already have covid, working on flu mrna, multiple other targets of infectious disease that have not been disclosed yet. we will when the time comes, but we are working on them. the second way would be in oncology, using the mrna to be able to attack your tumors, give instruction to your body to attack the tumors. and the third way is for rare diseases, using mrna technology to correct the mistakes in your dna from these diseases. breakthrough technologies, we will provide more information as our investments and studies mature. david: are you working with biontech? albert: we are extremely satisfied with the work that we are doing with biontech. we are discussing further operations on multiple fronts. i don't have anything to announce right now, but biontech has been a very trusted partner of pfizer, and i believe they feel the same for us. david: you mention antivirals, what abou

vaccine, but because we can sequence of virus and put it quickly into an mrna technology.companies are now thinking that the flu vaccine should be transition to an mrna vaccine. so it has an increase in effectiveness to variants that are known to come about every year. so i won't be surprised if because of the mrna technology, the flu vaccine and the effectiveness of that vaccine actually increase along with keeping us protected against covid as well. fascinating. >> that is play a different doctor. really quickly. parents at home watching this. why should day not be panicking right now. why should they not be changing their kids play dates with other kids and really you know, taking bold steps because of this new news. >> what's important is that if your child qualifies to get vaccinated, please get them vaccinated. that's the first layer protection against getting covid and if they do get covid against getting severe disease. and i think what is also known is that with our basic measures of protection like masking social distancing and being safe. we still can protect ou

particularly with some of these mrna vaccines. and finally, there are workforce constraints. especially as we continue to pull from other programs. that presents a challenge. >> we have the same challenges as we do on the african continent. we don't have a comparable cdc in the caribbean. you were saying that we have seen better results on the continent of africa because the cdc is there. >> i appreciate the work that the african cdc has done and yet they require additional support from our cdc and others so we are working hand in glove with them and the african region office. we are making progress along the way. >> thank you. a quick note. it really is about not just the vaccine but about the skill development and the skills training required and the technical assistance required in terms of capacity building. those are the critical ingredients i think we need to focus on. congressman harris. >> thank you very much. thank you, all for appearing this morning. dr. kessler, the vaccines -- as background, i think what we are talking about is using last year's technology with th

would not recommend pfizer for you because there are certain elements, compounds in both types of mrna vaccines. if you want a booster, i would get the johnson & johnson. kristen: colette said, i got the pfizer booster, had a fever and chills. was this a bad thing that i had such a bad reaction to the booster? dr. gandhi: it is not a bad thing. this happens with increasing your antibody levels. you will feel ill for a couple days. this is why the fda advisory committee did not want to approve it. they did not want people to have adverse effects if they were fine with their immune system. if you have a high immune reaction, you may have side effects for a couple days. kristen: vivian wants to know, should my 17-year-old diabetics type one get a booster? he is at school in person and it has been more than six months. dr. gandhi: this is only approved for over 18 because there is an increasing risk of adverse effects with young males. this is not going to be improved -- approved for 12-year-olds to 17-year-olds yet. kristen: gretchen wants to know, i need the flu shot and the booster. whi

>> mrna is suitable to adapt to vaccines pretty quickly.something new is needed which we don't know but having something available in three months is what they are looking at. you can think of this as an update about the flu vaccine which is updated every year. mrna can update faster. they are starting to update the vaccine. they might not need to do it but they will try. pfizer said it's not clear we will need to update the vaccine. what is clear is we continue to see these variants which means we will probably have to update the vaccines eventually and therefore that stuff matt: thank you so much for joining us. still ahead, a group of vigilantes are working hard to weed out fraud in the crypto market, we will have that story next, this is bloomberg. ♪ matt: this is bloomberg markets. we are seeing markets dropping rapidly after jay powell gave some testimony in front of congress. the dow jones is down about 600 points, the s&p 500 down one point 75%. levels on equity indexes are lower than the lows friday. we are in the midst of a sellof

africa can't produce an mrna vaccine? >> i think we have a prize for the rest of the world, we can, and we will. >> reporter: on the covid battlefront, perhaps it takes rebels in lab coats to even the field. debora patta, cbs news, johannesburg, south africa. >> dokoupil: whether you travel this thanksgiving or not, we're taking you to the rolling hills of montana where a native american tribe is celebrating the home coming of the american buffalo or bison, if you prefer, which once roamed the northern which once roamed the nor plains by the millions. here's cbs's michelle miller. >> reporter: buffalo are an eliseive breed on the eastern border of glacier national park. >> they're taking off. won't wait for us, these once. >> reporter: but the blackfeet nation are returning that.e they returned 90 buffalo to blackfeet terrorist, a kinship that lasted through ages. >> they were our food, clothing, lodging, tools. they were our whole economy. we existed on them. >> reporter: when european settlers arrived in the 1800s, the

, it's multiple, multiple times higher after the third shot of an mrna. >> how long after this weekend would you expect to see the impact in terms of infection numbers of this holiday >> well, whenever you have a congregate situation where people travel, it is usually measured in a few weeks, two to three weeks or more. when you are talking about infection, it is about two weeks or so. when you are talking about if anybody gets severe disease, it is always lagging indicator of hospitalization and death. we hope that people when they travel they're careful so that we don't see a major spike. >> i don't want to put the words in your mouth, but are we at a dangerous turn right now in this pandemic with this new variant? >> well, we have to be paying close attention and take it very seriously. i don't really want to go so far as to say we're at a dangerous turn we don't have enough information, lester, to make that determination. but what we can do is do everything we can to make sure we err on the side of safety, and that's the reason why you are seeing the travel restriction and the rene

the mrna vaccine is a rare cause of myocarditis, you find the johnson & johnson vaccine is a very rare cause of something called thrombosis, which means blood clots, including blood clots in the brain, which can be fatal. there were about a handful of people who died as a consequence of the j&j vaccine. the point is, you have systems in place now that can actually detect events as rare as that blood clotting phenomenon of the j&j vaccine, which is 1 per 500,000 people, and the myocarditis which is 1 per 50,000 people. that's extremely rare and it's because of tragedies in the past that allowed us to monitor vaccines in this case, but again, i think you're right. i think we deal with an enormous level of mistrust. it's remarkable to me that 65 million people in the united states continue to not get the vaccine despite the fact the evidence it could save your life couldn't be clearer. >> as someone in the scientific medical community, what do you think our role is in communicating to the public? and what advice would you give to other researchers about what they can do to play their part

tom: he had the privilege of being at the invention of mrna and all the theoretical virology stuff.is such an authority. jonathan: and we have to work out the right sources to go to over the next couple of weeks when you hear from the vaccine providers say things like it looks like we will need to change things up to address this particular mutation, there is a degree of skepticism around vaccine providers who have skin in the game. tom: the providers is one thing. we have 59% and they will say what does it take to get to 69% total vaccination? maybe this is the event that does it. jonathan: you can play the music now. kailey: [laughter] tom: -- jonathan: did you design this music? is this your fault? tom: i did not design the music. jonathan: from new york, this is bloomberg. ritika: the world health organization warns the new a micron variant could fuel coronavirus surges with consequences. the agency calls the risk extremely high. scientists in south africa say it appears spread more easily. nations have now imposed restrictions to try to contain the virus expansion. moderna says

mastered the difficult science needed to manufacture mrna.na's stated commitment to global vaccine access, they have not given their permission. >> we can legally take this vaccine up to clinical trials without infringing any intellectual property. >> but then you have a problem. >> so we would ideally want to have a license agreement with moderna. >> reporter: the dream here is not just to replicate but innovate the vaccine. to kraept a freeze-dried version that doesn't require cold storage. the world health organization is backing this effort so that africa can reduce its reliance on outside companies. but so many health experts globally have said it can't be done. africa can't do it it. they can't produce an mrna vaccine. >> i think we have a surprise for the rest of the world. we can. and we will. >> reporter: the kind of determination needed on this covid battlefront. it takes rebels in lab coats to even the field. debora patta, capetown. >>> now from the battle against the coronavirus to a mission to keep the world safe from an asteroid

the point is the mrna were going by the same play book of every other vaccine we have and i tried tothat message back in january and february but i think with the other problem, that we have is the company, the c.e.o.s, we're sending out press releases and when company c.e.o.s send out press releases they're meant for the shareholders, the spectacularrize their accomplishments and jack up the stock prices, and they were effective in doing that but it it was tone deaf on the impact and how the vaccines would be perceived to the public. >> trevor: again, dr. hotez, thank you so much for the time and good luck. >> thank you trevor. thanks for all your great stuff, i really appreciate it. >> trevor: appreciate you. don't pore get dr. hotez book prevend-- preventing the next pandemic is available now. when we come back the one and only thandiwe newton will be joining me right here in the joining me right here in the studio, so don't go what is... an overpass? come on! question, is that an “s” or a “5”? think it's a 5... i thought so. argh! frustration...loading. [sfx: laser sounds] nobody

>> both vaccines are called mrna vaccines. to back up a little bit, the coronavirus is made up of rna, a type of genetic material. it is a little bit different than the dna that makes up our genomes. the mrna vaccines take a small piece of what the virus normally makes and instructs the cells to turn on this protein called spike protein. it tells them to just make it, enough to tell the immune system something is wrong and they should respond to it, but not the entire virus genome so you are not making the virus part of this. those vaccines instruct your cells to make it in your immune system responds. >> once it does that, what happens when it meets up with the invader, if you are exposed to the coronavirus? >> the key thing is you want ist your immune system revved up and going and ready before you are exposed to the virus. it is really about timing. the vaccines trigger a couple of different parts of your immune response. one of them is your immune system starts making antibodies that stick to the spike protein. antibodies

matt: how strong is your faith in the mrna -- of the mrna vaccines? the companies that make them told me they will adapt to this new variant within the next few months. nonetheless, you've got a skeptical population, at least in part that does not want to take booster shot after booster shot after booster shot to deal with it. dr. adalja: the mrna vaccines are going to be excellent solutions. they can easily be adapted if we cross a threshold where we need to update them and we can do that within 100 days from what we are hearing from moderna and pfizer. that is game changing. as you said, if people don't want to take the vaccine, if people actively shun this technology that improves their lives, it is going to be difficult. it is not surprising to me that this variant was discovered in a place where vaccination rates are 25%. that's what allows the virus to continue to evolve and infect people. the solution to covid-19 has always been in our hands. we just can't get enough of the population to want to have it. there are parts of the world where they

around the uk's booster strategy jcvi says all adults aged 40 to 49 years should now be offered an mrnaster vaccine. until this news we were only, in the uk, seeing people over the age of 50 and those clinically vulnerable and front line health workers eligible for boosters, now the uk vaccine panel has advised extending the booster campaign to a broader group of 40 to 49-year-olds the uk's mhra, the regulator, welcomes the announcement to this age group the jcvi said all 16 and 17-year-olds should be offered a second shot of the pfizer vaccine. and the effectiveness of the shots, real world analyst shows booster increases protection against symptomatic covid to over 90% no evidence that protection against severe covid is declining in the under 40. so leaving the question open as to whether we'll see a further extension to younger cohorts down the line. but for now the news is those 40 to 49 will be offered an mrna booster here in the uk >>> sticking with the covid situation, violent protests erupted in the netherlands as new covid restrictions were imposed to fight rising infections pe

i'm still hopeful that individuals get three immunizations, through mrna immunizations or two j&j will be protected against the omicron variant but because of its escape potential, this could be a problem for people who are infected and recovered and not vaccinated on top of that because they will be partially vaccinated and get reinfection. i can see a scenario where we have both variants in the country where unvaccinated individuals are highly susceptible and those infected and recovered could get reinfected with omicron. that's one possible situation. >> we keep hearing a push to get a booster from president biden and the cdc. the messaging on boosters has become much more urgent, the cdc updating its guidance saying all adults should get its booster, not just may get a booster. pfizer will seek authorization for younger patients, teens ages 16 and 17 and yet we still don't know, right, how effective the current vaccines are against this new omicron variant, so explain to people why get boosted right now. >> so, you know, since, you know, we've been talking since january at least an

cdc guidance continues to be two mrna shots and one johnson & johnson. we don't prejudge, and i cannot preview for you if they will change that at any point time. but that is what we will continue to follow and that is what we will advise others to follow around the country. >> [indiscernible] >> the of any reaction to afghans who require better requirement? sec. psaki: i will have to look at a specific details but we have a thorough vetting process for a reason. we follow that to the letter of the law, and we ensure that we are not only welcoming to people who serve fireside for many years during a challenging long war, but also that we are big ensure the american people know they are safe. i would have to look at the specifics. >> certain declarations are underway for the meeting between president biden and five near burton. can you confirm that? sec. psaki: i have no meetings to preview at this point time. if something like that is confirmed or finalized, i will be happy to share the information. >> ahead of thanksgiving, i want to talk about hunger i

let's plug it into mrna. we were collaborating with moderna, with mrna, and let's do it.s rocket speed. about five, six days later we were starting with the vaccine development with moderna. 65 days later, we did a phase one trial, and multiple months later we knew we had a safe and effective vaccine. >> brennan: that was incredible speed, but it was despite the lack of information being shared. >> all i needed was the sequence. the public health parent was the c.d.c. >> brennan: live virus samples wouldn't have made a difference? >> ,. >> i didn't need it. >> brennan: we'll be back in a moment. when you humble yourself under the mighty hand of god, in due time he will exalt you. hi, i'm joel osteen. i'm excited about being with you every week. i hope you'll tune in. you'll be inspired, you'll be encouraged. i'm looking forward to seeing you right here. you are fully loaded and completely equipped for the race that's been designed for you. >> brennan: towards the end of our conversation with dr. fauci, we asked him about whether there should be tougher global regulations

biden: we abide by cdc guidance, which is to shots of on mrna vaccine or one j&j shot. we will not get ahead of any changes they may make in the future. reporter: follow up on the build back better plan and how went ins in the house. what response do you have two representative mccarthy's speech? sec. psaki: kevin mccarthy set a lot over the course of eight and a half hours. he shared his wish he could have been in tiananmen square. he mused about whether abraham lincoln was actually assassinated. he shared his thought, his dream about picturing america in a swim meet after world war ii. what he did not talk about was cutting the cost of childcare, eldercare, what we were going to do to bring more women into the workforce, to protect our climate. that in our view tells you all you need to know about kevin mccarthy's agenda and what he supports. reporter: and senator manchin, he says he has still not decided on this bill. is there anything the white house is doing to get him to come around to the bill? is there anything specific you are doing for him? sec. psaki: we have

what can i do to protect myself and my teammates. >> rodgers did not say to what ingredient in the mrnargic. instead he says he opted for an unspecified holistic treatment but that somehow the nfl rejected that as a suitable vaccination equivalent aaron rodgers says he's been taking monoclonal antibodies, an experimental treatment authorized under experimental use. he also says he's taking ivermectin, a drug designed to treat parasitic infections but has not been proven to work in covid. >> i believe in the ability to make choices for your body, not to have to acquiesce to some woke culture or crazed, you know, group of individuals who say you have to do something health is not a one size fits all for everybody. >> the nfl is currently investigating whether aaron rodgers violated covid protocols for unvaccinated players he will miss this weekend's packers game and potentially next week as well. >>> more than two dozen states sued the biden administration today over a vaccine mandate under the new rules, businesses with 100 or more employees have until january the 4th to make sure worker

there's no lack of clarity, that if you have been vaccinated with a primary vaccination, with an mrna vaccine, either the pfizer or the moderna six months or more ago, get boosted and the same with regard to j&j, if you were vaccinated two months ago, get boosted, and that's really now clear. there's no ambiguity about that, and we really hope that people go out there and utilize this very important tool to optimize their status with regard to protection. >> and connecticut and new mexico's governors say they don't consider americans fully vaccinated unless they have had a booster. you've said that's not on the table federally yet, but if the immunity drops so substantially without a booster, why shouldn't the white house adopt that standard as soon as possible? >> well, first of all, you want to go with the science, martha, and if you look at the data that we have, fully vaccinated right now by definition is the original two doses with the mrna and the pfizer and moderna, and the single dose with j&j. we'll continue to follow the data because right now, when we're boosting people, wh

it is very similar for boosters to the pattern seen in dose two of the mrna vaccines. >> after your shote and take it easy. drink plenty of fluids and take over-the-counter pain reliever. no side effects does not mean the shot doesn't work. >> our immune reaction is probably more robust than it has to be. not everybody feels the symptoms the same way. >> if you haven't received your first shot of the vaccine, now is the time. reporting for cbs news, new york. >>> coming up on cbs mornings, why it may be harder to find a christmas tree this year. looking at the shortage of real and artificial trees. taking us to washington state where conservationists are using new technology to monitor big cats in real time. >> and actor jesse plemmons stops by to tell us about his new movie "the power of the dog." thanks for watching cbs mornings. i'm anne marie green. have a great day. green. have a great day.

the mrna vaccine hasn't myocarditis of the heart mostly finally johnson & johnson vaccine is a very rare because of something called thrombosis which means of blood clots which can be fatal there's a handful of people who have died as a consequence of the j and j vaccine. so the point is you have systems in place now that can detect as rare as a blood clotting phenomenon which is one per 500,000 people or the myocarditis is a one up 50000 people. these are extremely rare these tragedies in the past that led to the systems that allow us to monitor vaccines in this case the post approval. again i think you are right. an enormous level of distrust continue to not get this vaccine despite the fact the evidence i can save your life could not be clearer. >> as someone in the scientific medical community, what do you think our role is and communicating to the public? what advice would you give to other researchers to play their part to promote trust in the system? unlike those systems trustworthy? >> i think perhaps the purpose for me in writing this book to let people know you learn as you go.

that the mrna, that template works. to a doctor the other night who runs a major cancer hospital in new york, who was saying, look, we now know that mrna is the future. he's very smart. i feel badly about what happened in the meeting when he comes home with meg -- i think he's good, right >> he's no bourla, but people say, jim, it's biontech. >> we'll give credit wherever it should be. i'm keeping an eye on disney and netflix. no rebound for disney. they're about 4 billion apart. >> every division has lost a little more. and, david, are you going to be drawn to the $1.99 for one month free for all >> no. i think i'm paying for disney plus, hulu, espn plus, amazon, paying for netflix. >> i don't think we're alone. >> i think i'm paying for paramount plus i needed cbs to watch a football game, it was like $60 a -- i don't even know what i get there. >> do you pay for rabbit ears? >> do you ever watch peacock >> of course. >> goodanswer, carl. >> i mean, look, "jungle cruise" does it save things? i've gotten involved in th

robert malone, immunologist and architect of the mrna vaccines.s, stanford school of medicine professor. dr. malone, tell us very clearly and succinctly why you signed this declaration and why was it an important moment for you to declare now? >> physicians are being hunted by a press and by the medical boards as an attempt to shut down their bright to practice medicine as they see fit in working with their patience. this has got to stop. >> laura: year one of the architects of the mrna vaccines. without you, who knows where we would have ended up on this technology, this new experimental drug. the government says we just want to save lives. this is all about saving lives, dr. malone. >> if that's the case, then they would have done the risk-benefit analysis stratified by age back when i had conversations with nancy pelosi's office about this. the words are not consistent with the actions. we can use words like lying or dissembling or misrepresentation, but their actions speak volumes. >> laura: that begs the question of what their motivation real

right now, if you look at the data right now, fully vaccinated is the original two doses with the mrna with pfizer and moderna and a single dose with j&j we'll continue to follow >>> this year has been the deadliest year on record for the transcommunity according to the human rights campaign at least 46 nongender and gender none conforming have been killed remembering those lost on the transgender day of remembrance brooind released a statement calling transpeople some of the bravest americans and paid tribute to the countless number of black and brown transgender women and girls who face brutal violence and harassment. >>> the international committee said peng shuai is safe. some including the chairman ofeg concerns over her safety and freedom. we have the latest >> missing chinese tennis star peng shuai speaking out in a 30-minute call with the president of the international olympic committee. adding she appeared to be relaxed. the ioc did not share a copy of the video. it is her first known contact after she disappeared three weeks ago after she made a statement of sexual assault al

compare to 30 micro-grahams of mrna to adults a very, very small dose. we believe this very, very small dose will be very effective, i think it will also be very effective and very effective and this is what we are waiting to see. >> albert, it's meg. clarifying is it three micro-grahams or two for the younger kids >> it is two micrograms and i hope i'm not making a mistake. >> lower than i thought. either way, much smaller than for adults i wanted to ask about your covid anti-viral drug. positive results from merck and not positive results from another company, tm partnered pi roche although different designs. how are you anticipating what those mean for success of pfizer's drug and are you looking at potentially combining your oral covid pill with merck's, or even with fluvoxamine, the antidepressant with saw ditha with recently >> i see the dait, great data. 50 percent cases reported a significant report and i wish them best of luck in their iterations, everything with the fda, et cetera ours are ongoing and we expect we will have redialed on the effi

for mrna recipients, they are eligible six months after their second dose. it's split into two groups. one group that should get any booster. when we say any booster, there is the guidance does outline the ability to mix and match. this should group for mrna recipients including 65 and older, 50 to 64 with underlying medical conditions. you have the group of any booster. which is folks 18 to 49 with underlying medical conditions. then 18 to 64 years increased risk of exposure or transmission. for johnson & johnson recipients, they are eligible two months after they received their dose. this is all folks who received johnson & johnson should get any of the three approved vaccine types. finally the last piece of guidance around boosters is just noting for folks who are immunocompromised. they are eligible for a booster dose six months after they completed their third mrna dose. that was a lot of talking but i think this really captures complicated vaccine eligibility for boosters. noting what you receive for your primary series, when you may be eligible and th

we control -- we think we are in position based on the 10-year platform we have done already with mrnaaccines, we are in an ideal position to respond within a 60 day timeframe. emily: talk to us about the new science involved and what we know about antibodies and antibody levels and how that is informing your work. >> it is a very good question because i think the sole question of antibody levels is a very underexplored were under measured aspect of this pandemic . we talk about antigen testing to see if you have been infected. what you really want to know is how strong is the antibody response in your body in response to a vaccine? that is something we have relatively little activity in other than the fact people are publishing papers showing very strong correlation between antibody levels and vaccine breakthrough. that is the hard antibody levels correlating to better protection. the fda is making decisions for booster approvals and the like raised on antibody levels. i think as we enter the third phase of the pandemic, we need to be mindful of how the virus is varying itself and how

three doses of either the two mrna and two of the j&j, and we can do it, but people have to be willingnated americans right now. >> we certainly are. it's not going away. dr. hotez, thanks for joining us. >>> coming up, a tense confrontation turns violent as polish forces use water cannons after they start throwing rocks. we have a live front from the border. ♪ i had a dream that someday ♪ ♪ i would just fly, fly away ♪ is struggling to manage your type 2 diabetes knocking you out of your zone? lowering your a1c with once-weekly ozempic® can help you get back in it. oh, oh, oh, ozempic®! my zone... loweringy a1c, cv risk, and ozempic® is proven. now,to lower a1c.game! most people who took ozempic® reached an a1c under 7 and maintained it. and you may lose weight. adults lost on average up to 12 pounds. in adults also with known heart disease, ozempic® lowers the risk of major cardiovascular events such as heart attack, stroke, or death. ozempic® helped me get back in my type 2 diabetes zone. ozempic® isn't for people with type 1 diabetes. don't share needles or pens, or reuse needles.